User Equipment Assistance to Support Multiple Systems

ABSTRACT

A wireless device transmits, to a first base station of a first public land mobile network (PLMN), a first radio resource control (RRC) message during an RRC connection with the first base station. The wireless device selects, during the RRC connection with the first base station, a cell of a second base station of a second PLMN for monitoring one or more downlink channels. The wireless device transmits, to the first base station during the RRC connection with the first base station, a second RRC message indicating a duration for communication via the cell of the second base station.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 17/322,076,filed May 17, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. Application No.16/847,016, filed on Apr. 13, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/833,207, filed Apr. 12, 2019, which arehereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosureare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example RAN architecture as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A is a diagram of an example user plane protocol stack as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B is a diagram of an example control plane protocol stack as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example wireless device and two base stationsas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example uplink channel mapping and exampleuplink physical signals as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example downlink channel mapping and exampledownlink physical signals as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example frame structure as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are diagrams depicting example sets of OFDMsubcarriers as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting example OFDM radio resources as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9A is a diagram depicting an example CSI-RS and/or SS blocktransmission in a multi-beam system.

FIG. 9B is a diagram depicting an example downlink beam managementprocedure as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram of configured BWPs as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11A, and FIG. 11B are diagrams of an example multi connectivity asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of an example random access procedure as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a structure of example MAC entities as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of an example RAN architecture as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of example RRC states as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example diagram of a wireless device with morethan one Subscriber Identification Module (SIM).

FIG. 17 illustrates an example diagram that a wireless device maysupport two data networks (e.g., multiple systems).

FIG. 18A illustrates an example diagram of a wireless device withdifferent radio transceiver capabilities supporting multiple systems.

FIG. 18B illustrates an example diagram of a wireless device withdifferent radio transceiver capabilities supporting multiple systems.

FIG. 18C illustrates an example diagram of a wireless device withdifferent radio transceiver capabilities supporting multiple systems.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an embodiment that a wireless devicemay reallocate the resources (e.g., one or more radio transceivercapabilities) across multiple systems.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example embodiment of resource reallocation.

FIG. 21 illustrates an example diagram to update one or more UEcapabilities/resource availabilities in response to resourcereallocation across multiple systems.

FIG. 22 illustrates an example diagram to update one or more UEcapabilities/resource availabilities in response to resourcereallocation across multiple systems.

FIG. 23 illustrates a flow chart that a wireless device may perform inresponse to a handover request as per of an aspect of an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flow chart that a wireless device may perform in responseto a SCell addition as per of an aspect of an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 25 illustrates a flow chart that a wireless device may perform inradio resource management measurement (RRM) as per an aspect of anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example diagram of cell selection.

FIG. 27 is a flow diagram of an aspect of an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments of the present disclosure enable operation ofwireless communication systems. Embodiments of the technology disclosedherein may be employed in the technical field of multicarriercommunication systems. More particularly, the embodiments of thetechnology disclosed herein may relate to radio access networks inmulticarrier communication systems.

The following Acronyms are used throughout the present disclosure:

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project 5GC 5G Core Network ACKAcknowledgement AMF Access and Mobility Management Function ARQAutomatic Repeat Request AS Access Stratum ASIC Application-SpecificIntegrated Circuit BA Bandwidth Adaptation BCCH Broadcast ControlChannel BCH Broadcast Channel BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BWPBandwidth Part CA Carrier Aggregation CC Component Carrier CCCH CommonControl CHannel CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CN Core Network CPCyclic Prefix CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix- Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplex C-RNTI Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier CS ConfiguredScheduling CSI Channel State Information CSI-RS Channel StateInformation-Reference Signal CQI Channel Quality Indicator CSS CommonSearch Space CU Central Unit DC Dual Connectivity DCCH Dedicated ControlCHannel DCI Downlink Control Information DL Downlink DL-SCH DownlinkShared CHannel DM-RS DeModulation Reference Signal DRB Data Radio BearerDRX Discontinuous Reception DTCH Dedicated Traffic CHannel DUDistributed Unit EPC Evolved Packet Core E-UTRA Evolved UMTS TerrestrialRadio Access E-UTRAN Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkFDD Frequency Division Duplex FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays F1-CF1-Control plane F1-U F1-User plane gNB next generation Node B HARQHybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest HDL Hardware Description Languages IEInformation Element IP Internet Protocol LCID Logical Channel IDentifierLTE Long Term Evolution MAC Media Access Control MCG Master Cell GroupMCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MeNB Master evolved Node B MIB MasterInformation Block MME Mobility Management Entity MN Master Node NACKNegative Acknowledgement NAS Non-Access Stratum NG CP Next GenerationControl Plane NGC Next Generation Core NG-C NG-Control plane ng-eNB nextgeneration evolved Node B NG-U NG-User plane NR New Radio NR MAC NewRadio MAC NR PDCP New Radio PDCP NR PHY New Radio PHYsical NR RLC NewRadio RLC NR RRC New Radio RRC NSSAI Network Slice Selection AssistanceInformation O&M Operation and Maintenance OFDM Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing PBCH Physical Broadcast CHannel PCC PrimaryComponent Carrier PCCH Paging Control CHannel PCell Primary Cell PCHPaging CHannel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel PDCP Packet DataConvergence Protocol PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel PDU ProtocolData Unit PHICH Physical HARQ Indicator CHannel PHY PHYsical PLMN PublicLand Mobile Network PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator PRACH Physical RandomAccess CHannel PRB Physical Resource Block PSCell Primary Secondary CellPSS Primary Synchronization Signal pTAG primary Timing Advance GroupPT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal PUCCH Physical Uplink ControlCHannel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared CHannel QAM Quadrature AmplitudeModulation QFI Quality of Service Indicator QoS Quality of Service QPSKQuadrature Phase Shift Keying RA Random Access RACH Random AccessCHannel RAN Radio Access Network RAT Radio Access Technology RA-RNTIRandom Access-Radio Network Temporary Identifier RB Resource Blocks RBGResource Block Groups RI Rank Indicator RLC Radio Link Control RRC RadioResource Control RS Reference Signal RSRP Reference Signal ReceivedPower SCC Secondary Component Carrier SCell Secondary Cell SCG SecondaryCell Group SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple AccessSDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol SDU Service Data Unit SeNBSecondary evolved Node B SFN System Frame Number S-GW Serving GateWay SISystem Information SIB System Information Block SMF Session ManagementFunction SN Secondary Node SpCell Special Cell SRB Signaling RadioBearer SRS Sounding Reference Signal SS Synchronization Signal SSSSecondary Synchronization Signal sTAG secondary Timing Advance Group TATiming Advance TAG Timing Advance Group TAI Tracking Area Identifier TATTime Alignment Timer TB Transport Block TC-RNTI Temporary Cell-RadioNetwork Temporary Identifier TDD Time Division Duplex TDMA Time DivisionMultiple Access TTI Transmission Time Interval UCI Uplink ControlInformation UE User Equipment UL Uplink UL-SCH Uplink Shared CHannel UPFUser Plane Function UPGW User Plane Gateway VHDL VHSIC HardwareDescription Language Xn-C Xn-Control plane Xn-U Xn-User plane

Example embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented using variousphysical layer modulation and transmission mechanisms. Exampletransmission mechanisms may include, but are not limited to: CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division MultipleAccess (OFDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Wavelettechnologies, and/or the like. Hybrid transmission mechanisms such asTDMA/CDMA, and OFDM/CDMA may also be employed. Various modulationschemes may be applied for signal transmission in the physical layer.Examples of modulation schemes include, but are not limited to: phase,amplitude, code, a combination of these, and/or the like. An exampleradio transmission method may implement Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase ShiftKeying (QPSK), 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, and/or the like. Physical radiotransmission may be enhanced by dynamically or semi-dynamically changingthe modulation and coding scheme depending on transmission requirementsand radio conditions.

FIG. 1 is an example Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated inthis example, a RAN node may be a next generation Node B (gNB) (e.g.120A, 120B) providing New Radio (NR) user plane and control planeprotocol terminations towards a first wireless device (e.g. 110A). In anexample, a RAN node may be a next generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB)(e.g. 124A, 124B), providing Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards asecond wireless device (e.g. 110B). The first wireless device maycommunicate with a gNB over a Uu interface. The second wireless devicemay communicate with a ng-eNB over a Uu interface. In this disclosure,wireless device 110A and 110B are structurally similar to wirelessdevice 110. Base stations 120A and/or 120B may be structurally similarlyto base station 120. Base station 120 may comprise at least one of a gNB(e.g. 122A and/or 122B), ng-eNB (e.g. 124A and/or 124B), and or thelike.

A gNB or an ng-eNB may host functions such as: radio resource managementand scheduling, IP header compression, encryption and integrityprotection of data, selection of Access and Mobility Management Function(AMF) at User Equipment (UE) attachment, routing of user plane andcontrol plane data, connection setup and release, scheduling andtransmission of paging messages (originated from the AMF), schedulingand transmission of system broadcast information (originated from theAMF or Operation and Maintenance (O&M)), measurement and measurementreporting configuration, transport level packet marking in the uplink,session management, support of network slicing, Quality of Service (QoS)flow management and mapping to data radio bearers, support of UEs inRRC_INACTIVE state, distribution function for Non-Access Stratum (NAS)messages, RAN sharing, and dual connectivity or tight interworkingbetween NR and E-UTRA.

In an example, one or more gNBs and/or one or more ng-eNBs may beinterconnected with each other by means of Xn interface. A gNB or anng-eNB may be connected by means of NG interfaces to 5G Core Network(5GC). In an example, 5GC may comprise one or more AMF/User PlanFunction (UPF) functions (e.g. 130A or 130B). A gNB or an ng-eNB may beconnected to a UPF by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. TheNG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g. non-guaranteed delivery) ofuser plane Protocol Data Units (PDUs) between a RAN node and the UPF. AgNB or an ng-eNB may be connected to an AMF by means of an NG-Controlplane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NGinterface management, UE context management, UE mobility management,transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, configurationtransfer and/or warning message transmission, combinations thereof,and/or the like.

In an example, a UPF may host functions such as anchor point forintra-/inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility (when applicable),external PDU session point of interconnect to data network, packetrouting and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane part of policyrule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classifier to supportrouting traffic flows to a data network, branching point to supportmulti-homed PDU session, QoS handling for user plane, e.g. packetfiltering, gating, Uplink (UL)/Downlink (DL) rate enforcement, uplinktraffic verification (e.g. Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping),downlink packet buffering and/or downlink data notification triggering.

In an example, an AMF may host functions such as NAS signalingtermination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) securitycontrol, inter Core Network (CN) node signaling for mobility between3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access networks, idle modeUE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission),registration area management, support of intra-system and inter-systemmobility, access authentication, access authorization including check ofroaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies),support of network slicing and/or Session Management Function (SMF)selection.

FIG. 2A is an example user plane protocol stack, where Service DataAdaptation Protocol (SDAP) (e.g. 211 and 221), Packet Data ConvergenceProtocol (PDCP) (e.g. 212 and 222), Radio Link Control (RLC) (e.g. 213and 223) and Media Access Control (MAC) (e.g. 214 and 224) sublayers andPhysical (PHY) (e.g. 215 and 225) layer may be terminated in wirelessdevice (e.g. 110) and gNB (e.g. 120) on the network side. In an example,a PHY layer provides transport services to higher layers (e.g. MAC, RRC,etc.). In an example, services and functions of a MAC sublayer maycomprise mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing/demultiplexing of MAC Service Data Units (SDUs) belongingto one or different logical channels into/from Transport Blocks (TBs)delivered to/from the PHY layer, scheduling information reporting, errorcorrection through Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) (e.g. one HARQentity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priorityhandling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling, priority handlingbetween logical channels of one UE by means of logical channelprioritization, and/or padding. A MAC entity may support one or multiplenumerologies and/or transmission timings. In an example, mappingrestrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control whichnumerology and/or transmission timing a logical channel may use. In anexample, an RLC sublayer may supports transparent mode (TM),unacknowledged mode (UM) and acknowledged mode (AM) transmission modes.The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency onnumerologies and/or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. In anexample, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) may operate on any of thenumerologies and/or TTI durations the logical channel is configuredwith. In an example, services and functions of the PDCP layer for theuser plane may comprise sequence numbering, header compression anddecompression, transfer of user data, reordering and duplicatedetection, PDCP PDU routing (e.g. in case of split bearers),retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering, deciphering and integrityprotection, PDCP SDU discard, PDCP reestablishment and data recovery forRLC AM, and/or duplication of PDCP PDUs. In an example, services andfunctions of SDAP may comprise mapping between a QoS flow and a dataradio bearer. In an example, services and functions of SDAP may comprisemapping Quality of Service Indicator (QFI) in DL and UL packets. In anexample, a protocol entity of SDAP may be configured for an individualPDU session.

FIG. 2B is an example control plane protocol stack where PDCP (e.g. 233and 242), RLC (e.g. 234 and 243) and MAC (e.g. 235 and 244) sublayersand PHY (e.g. 236 and 245) layer may be terminated in wireless device(e.g. 110) and gNB (e.g. 120) on a network side and perform service andfunctions described above. In an example, RRC (e.g. 232 and 241) may beterminated in a wireless device and a gNB on a network side. In anexample, services and functions of RRC may comprise broadcast of systeminformation related to AS and NAS, paging initiated by 5GC or RAN,establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between theUE and RAN, security functions including key management, establishment,configuration, maintenance and release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs)and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), mobility functions, QoS managementfunctions, UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting,detection of and recovery from radio link failure, and/or NAS messagetransfer to/from NAS from/to a UE. In an example, NAS control protocol(e.g. 231 and 251) may be terminated in the wireless device and AMF(e.g. 130) on a network side and may perform functions such asauthentication, mobility management between a UE and a AMF for 3GPPaccess and non-3GPP access, and session management between a UE and aSMF for 3GPP access and non-3GPP access.

In an example, a base station may configure a plurality of logicalchannels for a wireless device. A logical channel in the plurality oflogical channels may correspond to a radio bearer and the radio bearermay be associated with a QoS requirement. In an example, a base stationmay configure a logical channel to be mapped to one or moreTTIs/numerologies in a plurality of TTIs/numerologies. The wirelessdevice may receive a Downlink Control Information (DCI) via PhysicalDownlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) indicating an uplink grant. In anexample, the uplink grant may be for a first TTI/numerology and mayindicate uplink resources for transmission of a transport block. Thebase station may configure each logical channel in the plurality oflogical channels with one or more parameters to be used by a logicalchannel prioritization procedure at the MAC layer of the wirelessdevice. The one or more parameters may comprise priority, prioritizedbit rate, etc. A logical channel in the plurality of logical channelsmay correspond to one or more buffers comprising data associated withthe logical channel. The logical channel prioritization procedure mayallocate the uplink resources to one or more first logical channels inthe plurality of logical channels and/or one or more MAC ControlElements (CEs). The one or more first logical channels may be mapped tothe first TTI/numerology. The MAC layer at the wireless device maymultiplex one or more MAC CEs and/or one or more MAC SDUs (e.g., logicalchannel) in a MAC PDU (e.g., transport block). In an example, the MACPDU may comprise a MAC header comprising a plurality of MAC sub-headers.A MAC sub-header in the plurality of MAC sub-headers may correspond to aMAC CE or a MAC SUD (logical channel) in the one or more MAC CEs and/orone or more MAC SDUs. In an example, a MAC CE or a logical channel maybe configured with a Logical Channel IDentifier (LCID). In an example,LCID for a logical channel or a MAC CE may be fixed/pre-configured. Inan example, LCID for a logical channel or MAC CE may be configured forthe wireless device by the base station. The MAC sub-headercorresponding to a MAC CE or a MAC SDU may comprise LCID associated withthe MAC CE or the MAC SDU.

In an example, a base station may activate and/or deactivate and/orimpact one or more processes (e.g., set values of one or more parametersof the one or more processes or start and/or stop one or more timers ofthe one or more processes) at the wireless device by employing one ormore MAC commands. The one or more MAC commands may comprise one or moreMAC control elements. In an example, the one or more processes maycomprise activation and/or deactivation of PDCP packet duplication forone or more radio bearers. The base station may transmit a MAC CEcomprising one or more fields, the values of the fields indicatingactivation and/or deactivation of PDCP duplication for the one or moreradio bearers. In an example, the one or more processes may compriseChannel State Information (CSI) transmission of on one or more cells.The base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs indicating activationand/or deactivation of the CSI transmission on the one or more cells. Inan example, the one or more processes may comprise activation ordeactivation of one or more secondary cells. In an example, the basestation may transmit a MA CE indicating activation or deactivation ofone or more secondary cells. In an example, the base station maytransmit one or more MAC CEs indicating starting and/or stopping one ormore Discontinuous Reception (DRX) timers at the wireless device. In anexample, the base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs indicatingone or more timing advance values for one or more Timing Advance Groups(TAGs).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of base stations (base station 1, 120A, andbase station 2, 120B) and a wireless device 110. A wireless device maybe called a UE. A base station may be called a NB, eNB, gNB, and/orng-eNB. In an example, a wireless device and/or a base station may actas a relay node. The base station 1, 120A, may comprise at least onecommunication interface 320A (e.g. a wireless modem, an antenna, a wiredmodem, and/or the like), at least one processor 321A, and at least oneset of program code instructions 323A stored in non-transitory memory322A and executable by the at least one processor 321A. The base station2, 120B, may comprise at least one communication interface 320B, atleast one processor 321B, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 323B stored in non-transitory memory 322B and executable bythe at least one processor 321B.

A base station may comprise many sectors for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6sectors. A base station may comprise many cells, for example, rangingfrom 1 to 50 cells or more. A cell may be categorized, for example, as aprimary cell or secondary cell. At Radio Resource Control (RRC)connection establishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell mayprovide the NAS (non-access stratum) mobility information (e.g. TrackingArea Identifier (TAI)). At RRC connection re-establishment/handover, oneserving cell may provide the security input. This cell may be referredto as the Primary Cell (PCell). In the downlink, a carrier correspondingto the PCell may be a DL Primary Component Carrier (PCC), while in theuplink, a carrier may be an UL PCC. Depending on wireless devicecapabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) may be configured to formtogether with a PCell a set of serving cells. In a downlink, a carriercorresponding to an SCell may be a downlink secondary component carrier(DL SCC), while in an uplink, a carrier may be an uplink secondarycomponent carrier (UL SCC). An SCell may or may not have an uplinkcarrier.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. A carrier (downlinkor uplink) may belong to one cell. The cell ID or cell index may alsoidentify the downlink carrier or uplink carrier of the cell (dependingon the context it is used). In the disclosure, a cell ID may be equallyreferred to a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to a carrierindex. In an implementation, a physical cell ID or a cell index may beassigned to a cell. A cell ID may be determined using a synchronizationsignal transmitted on a downlink carrier. A cell index may be determinedusing RRC messages. For example, when the disclosure refers to a firstphysical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, the disclosure may meanthe first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlinkcarrier. The same concept may apply to, for example, carrier activation.When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, thespecification may equally mean that a cell comprising the first carrieris activated.

A base station may transmit to a wireless device one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising a plurality of configuration parametersfor one or more cells. One or more cells may comprise at least oneprimary cell and at least one secondary cell. In an example, an RRCmessage may be broadcasted or unicasted to the wireless device. In anexample, configuration parameters may comprise common parameters anddedicated parameters.

Services and/or functions of an RRC sublayer may comprise at least oneof: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paginginitiated by 5GC and/or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance, and/orrelease of an RRC connection between a wireless device and NG-RAN, whichmay comprise at least one of addition, modification and release ofcarrier aggregation; or addition, modification, and/or release of dualconnectivity in NR or between E-UTRA and NR. Services and/or functionsof an RRC sublayer may further comprise at least one of securityfunctions comprising key management; establishment, configuration,maintenance, and/or release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and/orData Radio Bearers (DRBs); mobility functions which may comprise atleast one of a handover (e.g. intra NR mobility or inter-RAT mobility)and a context transfer; or a wireless device cell selection andreselection and control of cell selection and reselection. Servicesand/or functions of an RRC sublayer may further comprise at least one ofQoS management functions; a wireless device measurementconfiguration/reporting; detection of and/or recovery from radio linkfailure; or NAS message transfer to/from a core network entity (e.g.AMF, Mobility Management Entity (MME)) from/to the wireless device.

An RRC sublayer may support an RRC_Idle state, an RRC_Inactive stateand/or an RRC_Connected state for a wireless device. In an RRC_Idlestate, a wireless device may perform at least one of: Public Land MobileNetwork (PLMN) selection; receiving broadcasted system information; cellselection/re-selection; monitoring/receiving a paging for mobileterminated data initiated by 5GC; paging for mobile terminated data areamanaged by 5GC; or DRX for CN paging configured via NAS. In anRRC_Inactive state, a wireless device may perform at least one of:receiving broadcasted system information; cell selection/re-selection;monitoring/receiving a RAN/CN paging initiated by NG-RAN/5GC; RAN-basednotification area (RNA) managed by NG- RAN; or DRX for RAN/CN pagingconfigured by NG-RAN/NAS. In an RRC_Idle state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g. NG-RAN) may keep a 5GC-NG-RAN connection (bothC/U-planes) for the wireless device; and/or store a UE AS context forthe wireless device. In an RRC_Connected state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g. NG-RAN) may perform at least one of: establishment of5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) for the wireless device; storinga UE AS context for the wireless device; transmit/receive of unicastdata to/from the wireless device; or network-controlled mobility basedon measurement results received from the wireless device. In anRRC_Connected state of a wireless device, an NG-RAN may know a cell thatthe wireless device belongs to.

System information (SI) may be divided into minimum SI and other SI. Theminimum SI may be periodically broadcast. The minimum SI may comprisebasic information required for initial access and information foracquiring any other SI broadcast periodically or provisioned on-demand,i.e. scheduling information. The other SI may either be broadcast, or beprovisioned in a dedicated manner, either triggered by a network or uponrequest from a wireless device. A minimum SI may be transmitted via twodifferent downlink channels using different messages (e.g.MasterlnformationBlock and SystemlnformationBlockType1). Another SI maybe transmitted via SystemlnformationBlockType2. For a wireless device inan RRC_Connected state, dedicated RRC signaling may be employed for therequest and delivery of the other SI. For the wireless device in theRRC_Idle state and/or the RRC_Inactive state, the request may trigger arandom-access procedure.

A wireless device may report its radio access capability informationwhich may be static. A base station may request what capabilities for awireless device to report based on band information. When allowed by anetwork, a temporary capability restriction request may be sent by thewireless device to signal the limited availability of some capabilities(e.g. due to hardware sharing, interference or overheating) to the basestation. The base station may confirm or reject the request. Thetemporary capability restriction may be transparent to 5GC (e.g., staticcapabilities may be stored in 5GC).

When CA is configured, a wireless device may have an RRC connection witha network. At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment/handoverprocedure, one serving cell may provide NAS mobility information, and atRRC connection reestablishment/handover, one serving cell may provide asecurity input. This cell may be referred to as the PCell. Depending onthe capabilities of the wireless device, SCells may be configured toform together with the PCell a set of serving cells. The configured setof serving cells for the wireless device may comprise one PCell and oneor more SCells.

The reconfiguration, addition and removal of SCells may be performed byRRC. At intra-NR handover, RRC may also add, remove, or reconfigureSCells for usage with the target PCell. When adding a new SCell,dedicated RRC signaling may be employed to send all required systeminformation of the SCell i.e. while in connected mode, wireless devicesmay not need to acquire broadcasted system information directly from theSCells.

The purpose of an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure may be tomodify an RRC connection, (e.g. to establish, modify and/or release RBs,to perform handover, to setup, modify, and/or release measurements, toadd, modify, and/or release SCells and cell groups). As part of the RRCconnection reconfiguration procedure, NAS dedicated information may betransferred from the network to the wireless device. TheRRCConnectionReconfiguration message may be a command to modify an RRCconnection. It may convey information for measurement configuration,mobility control, radio resource configuration (e.g. RBs, MAC mainconfiguration and physical channel configuration) comprising anyassociated dedicated NAS information and security configuration. If thereceived RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToReleaseList, the wireless device may perform an SCell release. Ifthe received RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToAddModList, the wireless device may perform SCell additions ormodification.

An RRC connection establishment (or reestablishment, resume) proceduremay be to establish (or reestablish, resume) an RRC connection. an RRCconnection establishment procedure may comprise SRB1 establishment. TheRRC connection establishment procedure may be used to transfer theinitial NAS dedicated information/ message from a wireless device toE-UTRAN. The RRCConnectionReestablishment message may be used toreestablish SRB1.

A measurement report procedure may be to transfer measurement resultsfrom a wireless device to NG-RAN. The wireless device may initiate ameasurement report procedure after successful security activation. Ameasurement report message may be employed to transmit measurementresults.

The wireless device 110 may comprise at least one communicationinterface 310 (e.g. a wireless modem, an antenna, and/or the like), atleast one processor 314, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 316 stored in non-transitory memory 315 and executable bythe at least one processor 314. The wireless device 110 may furthercomprise at least one of at least one speaker/microphone 311, at leastone keypad 312, at least one display/touchpad 313, at least one powersource 317, at least one global positioning system (GPS) chipset 318,and other peripherals 319.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A of thebase station 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B of the base station 2120B may comprise at least one of a general-purpose processor, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a controller, a microcontroller, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array(FPGA) and/or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and/ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, and the like. Theprocessor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A in basestation 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B in base station 2 120B mayperform at least one of signal coding/processing, data processing, powercontrol, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality thatmay enable the wireless device 110, the base station 1 120A and/or thebase station 2 120B to operate in a wireless environment.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may be connected to thespeaker/microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or the display/touchpad 313.The processor 314 may receive user input data from and/or provide useroutput data to the speaker/microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or thedisplay/touchpad 313. The processor 314 in the wireless device 110 mayreceive power from the power source 317 and/or may be configured todistribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 110.The power source 317 may comprise at least one of one or more dry cellbatteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the like. The processor 314 maybe connected to the GPS chipset 318. The GPS chipset 318 may beconfigured to provide geographic location information of the wirelessdevice 110.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may further be connected toother peripherals 319, which may comprise one or more software and/orhardware modules that provide additional features and/orfunctionalities. For example, the peripherals 319 may comprise at leastone of an accelerometer, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera, auniversal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequencymodulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, and thelike.

The communication interface 320A of the base station 1, 120A, and/or thecommunication interface 320B of the base station 2, 120B, may beconfigured to communicate with the communication interface 310 of thewireless device 110 via a wireless link 330A and/or a wireless link 330Brespectively. In an example, the communication interface 320A of thebase station 1, 120A, may communicate with the communication interface320B of the base station 2 and other RAN and core network nodes.

The wireless link 330A and/or the wireless link 330B may comprise atleast one of a bi-directional link and/or a directional link. Thecommunication interface 310 of the wireless device 110 may be configuredto communicate with the communication interface 320A of the base station1 120A and/or with the communication interface 320B of the base station2 120B. The base station 1 120A and the wireless device 110 and/or thebase station 2 120B and the wireless device 110 may be configured tosend and receive transport blocks via the wireless link 330A and/or viathe wireless link 330B, respectively. The wireless link 330A and/or thewireless link 330B may employ at least one frequency carrier. Accordingto some of various aspects of embodiments, transceiver(s) may beemployed. A transceiver may be a device that comprises both atransmitter and a receiver. Transceivers may be employed in devices suchas wireless devices, base stations, relay nodes, and/or the like.Example embodiments for radio technology implemented in thecommunication interface 310, 320A, 320B and the wireless link 330A, 330Bare illustrated in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, FIG. 4D, FIG. 6 , FIG. 7A,FIG. 7B, FIG. 8 , and associated text.

In an example, other nodes in a wireless network (e.g. AMF, UPF, SMF,etc.) may comprise one or more communication interfaces, one or moreprocessors, and memory storing instructions.

A node (e.g. wireless device, base station, AMF, SMF, UPF, servers,switches, antennas, and/or the like) may comprise one or moreprocessors, and memory storing instructions that when executed by theone or more processors causes the node to perform certain processesand/or functions. Example embodiments may enable operation ofsingle-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications. Other exampleembodiments may comprise a non-transitory tangible computer readablemedia comprising instructions executable by one or more processors tocause operation of single-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications.Yet other example embodiments may comprise an article of manufacturethat comprises a non-transitory tangible computer readablemachine-accessible medium having instructions encoded thereon forenabling programmable hardware to cause a node to enable operation ofsingle-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications. The node may includeprocessors, memory, interfaces, and/or the like.

An interface may comprise at least one of a hardware interface, afirmware interface, a software interface, and/or a combination thereof.The hardware interface may comprise connectors, wires, electronicdevices such as drivers, amplifiers, and/or the like. The softwareinterface may comprise code stored in a memory device to implementprotocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers, device drivers,combinations thereof, and/or the like. The firmware interface maycomprise a combination of embedded hardware and code stored in and/or incommunication with a memory device to implement connections, electronicdevice operations, protocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers,device drivers, hardware operations, combinations thereof, and/or thelike.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 4A shows an example uplink transmitter forat least one physical channel. A baseband signal representing a physicaluplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or morefunctions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation ofscrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping of thecomplex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmissionlayers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols;precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precodedcomplex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division MultipleAccess (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and/or the like.In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal foruplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transformprecoding is not enabled, an CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission maybe generated by FIG. 4A. These functions are illustrated as examples andit is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in variousembodiments.

An example structure for modulation and up-conversion to the carrierfrequency of the complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal foran antenna port and/or the complex-valued Physical Random Access CHannel(PRACH) baseband signal is shown in FIG. 4B. Filtering may be employedprior to transmission.

An example structure for downlink transmissions is shown in FIG. 4C. Thebaseband signal representing a downlink physical channel may perform oneor more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling ofcoded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel;modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulationsymbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one orseveral transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulationsymbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping ofcomplex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resourceelements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anantenna port; and/or the like. These functions are illustrated asexamples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implementedin various embodiments.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a first symbol and a second symbol onan antenna port, to a wireless device. The wireless device may infer thechannel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, etc.) for conveying thesecond symbol on the antenna port, from the channel for conveying thefirst symbol on the antenna port. In an example, a first antenna portand a second antenna port may be quasi co-located if one or morelarge-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on thefirst antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel overwhich a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one ormore large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: delay spread;doppler spread; doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and/orspatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

An example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port is shown in FIG.4D. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example uplink channel mapping and exampleuplink physical signals. FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example downlinkchannel mapping and a downlink physical signals. In an example, aphysical layer may provide one or more information transfer services toa MAC and/or one or more higher layers. For example, the physical layermay provide the one or more information transfer services to the MAC viaone or more transport channels. An information transfer service mayindicate how and with what characteristics data are transferred over theradio interface.

In an example embodiment, a radio network may comprise one or moredownlink and/or uplink transport channels. For example, a diagram inFIG. 5A shows example uplink transport channels comprising Uplink-SharedCHannel (UL-SCH) 501 and Random Access CHannel (RACH) 502. A diagram inFIG. 5B shows example downlink transport channels comprisingDownlink-Shared CHannel (DL-SCH) 511, Paging CHannel (PCH) 512, andBroadcast CHannel (BCH) 513. A transport channel may be mapped to one ormore corresponding physical channels. For example, UL-SCH 501 may bemapped to Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) 503. RACH 502 may bemapped to PRACH 505. DL-SCH 511 and PCH 512 may be mapped to PhysicalDownlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) 514. BCH 513 may be mapped to PhysicalBroadcast CHannel (PBCH) 516.

There may be one or more physical channels without a correspondingtransport channel. The one or more physical channels may be employed forUplink Control Information (UCI) 509 and/or Downlink Control Information(DCI) 517. For example, Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) 504 maycarry UCI 509 from a UE to a base station. For example, PhysicalDownlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) 515 may carry DCI 517 from a basestation to a UE. NR may support UCI 509 multiplexing in PUSCH 503 whenUCI 509 and PUSCH 503 transmissions may coincide in a slot at least inpart. The UCI 509 may comprise at least one of CSI, Acknowledgement(ACK)/Negative Acknowledgement (NACK), and/or scheduling request. TheDCI 517 on PDCCH 515 may indicate at least one of following: one or moredownlink assignments and/or one or more uplink scheduling grants

In uplink, a UE may transmit one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to abase station. For example, the one or more RSs may be at least one ofDemodulation-RS (DM-RS) 506, Phase Tracking-RS (PT-RS) 507, and/orSounding RS (SRS) 508. In downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g.,unicast, multicast, and/or broadcast) one or more RSs to a UE. Forexample, the one or more RSs may be at least one of PrimarySynchronization Signal (PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 521,CSI-RS 522, DM-RS 523, and/or PT-RS 524.

In an example, a UE may transmit one or more uplink DM-RSs 506 to a basestation for channel estimation, for example, for coherent demodulationof one or more uplink physical channels (e.g., PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH504). For example, a UE may transmit a base station at least one uplinkDM-RS 506 with PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH 504, wherein the at least oneuplink DM-RS 506 may be spanning a same frequency range as acorresponding physical channel. In an example, a base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more uplink DM-RS configurations. At leastone DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more additional uplink DM-RS may beconfigured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and/or PUCCH. Abase station may semi-statistically configure a UE with a maximum numberof front-loaded DM-RS symbols for PUSCH and/or PUCCH. For example, a UEmay schedule a single-symbol DM-RS and/or double symbol DM-RS based on amaximum number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols, wherein a base station mayconfigure the UE with one or more additional uplink DM-RS for PUSCHand/or PUCCH. A new radio network may support, e.g., at least forCP-OFDM, a common DM-RS structure for DL and UL, wherein a DM-RSlocation, DM-RS pattern, and/or scrambling sequence may be same ordifferent.

In an example, whether uplink PT-RS 507 is present or not may depend onan RRC configuration. For example, a presence of uplink PT-RS may beUE-specifically configured. For example, a presence and/or a pattern ofuplink PT-RS 507 in a scheduled resource may be UE-specificallyconfigured by a combination of RRC signaling and/or association with oneor more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation andCoding Scheme (MCS)) which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, adynamic presence of uplink PT-RS 507 may be associated with one or moreDCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may supportplurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time/frequency domain.When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at leastone configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. A UE may assume a sameprecoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports maybe fewer than a number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. Forexample, uplink PT-RS 507 may be confined in the scheduledtime/frequency duration for a UE.

In an example, a UE may transmit SRS 508 to a base station for channelstate estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and/orlink adaptation. For example, SRS 508 transmitted by a UE may allow fora base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or moredifferent frequencies. A base station scheduler may employ an uplinkchannel state to assign one or more resource blocks of good quality foran uplink PUSCH transmission from a UE. A base station maysemi-statistically configure a UE with one or more SRS resource sets.For an SRS resource set, a base station may configure a UE with one ormore SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configuredby a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higherlayer parameter indicates beam management, a SRS resource in each of oneor more SRS resource sets may be transmitted at a time instant. A UE maytransmit one or more SRS resources in different SRS resource setssimultaneously. A new radio network may support aperiodic, periodicand/or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. A UE may transmit SRSresources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or moretrigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and/or oneor more DCI formats (e.g., at least one DCI format may be employed for aUE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets.An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higherlayer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggeredbased on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH 503 and SRS508 are transmitted in a same slot, a UE may be configured to transmitSRS 508 after a transmission of PUSCH 503 and corresponding uplink DM-RS506.

In an example, a base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one offollowing: a SRS resource configuration identifier, a number of SRSports, time domain behavior of SRS resource configuration (e.g., anindication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS), slot(mini-slot, and/or subframe) level periodicity and/or offset for aperiodic and/or aperiodic SRS resource, a number of OFDM symbols in aSRS resource, starting OFDM symbol of a SRS resource, a SRS bandwidth, afrequency hopping bandwidth, a cyclic shift, and/or a SRS sequence ID.

In an example, in a time domain, an SS/PBCH block may comprise one ormore OFDM symbols (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols numbered in increasing orderfrom 0 to 3) within the SS/PBCH block. An SS/PBCH block may comprisePSS/SSS 521 and PBCH 516. In an example, in the frequency domain, anSS/PBCH block may comprise one or more contiguous subcarriers (e.g., 240contiguous subcarriers with the subcarriers numbered in increasing orderfrom 0 to 239) within the SS/PBCH block. For example, a PSS/SSS 521 mayoccupy 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. For example, PBCH 516 may spanacross 3 OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers. A UE may assume that one ormore SS/PBCH blocks transmitted with a same block index may be quasico-located, e.g., with respect to Doppler spread, Doppler shift, averagegain, average delay, and spatial Rx parameters. A UE may not assumequasi co-location for other SS/PBCH block transmissions. A periodicityof an SS/PBCH block may be configured by a radio network (e.g., by anRRC signaling) and one or more time locations where the SS/PBCH blockmay be sent may be determined by sub-carrier spacing. In an example, aUE may assume a band-specific sub-carrier spacing for an SS/PBCH blockunless a radio network has configured a UE to assume a differentsub-carrier spacing.

In an example, downlink CSI-RS 522 may be employed for a UE to acquirechannel state information. A radio network may support periodic,aperiodic, and/or semi-persistent transmission of downlink CSI-RS 522.For example, a base station may semi-statistically configure and/orreconfigure a UE with periodic transmission of downlink CSI-RS 522. Aconfigured CSI-RS resources may be activated ad/or deactivated. Forsemi-persistent transmission, an activation and/or deactivation ofCSI-RS resource may be triggered dynamically. In an example, CSI-RSconfiguration may comprise one or more parameters indicating at least anumber of antenna ports. For example, a base station may configure a UEwith 32 ports. A base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more CSI-RS resource sets. One or more CSI-RS resources may beallocated from one or more CSI-RS resource sets to one or more UEs. Forexample, a base station may semi-statistically configure one or moreparameters indicating CSI RS resource mapping, for example, time-domainlocation of one or more CSI-RS resources, a bandwidth of a CSI-RSresource, and/or a periodicity. In an example, a UE may be configured toemploy a same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS 522 and control resourceset (coreset) when the downlink CSI-RS 522 and coreset are spatiallyquasi co-located and resource elements associated with the downlinkCSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBs configured for coreset. In anexample, a UE may be configured to employ a same OFDM symbols fordownlink CSI-RS 522 and SSB/PBCH when the downlink CSI-RS 522 andSSB/PBCH are spatially quasi co-located and resource elements associatedwith the downlink CSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBs configured forSSB/PBCH.

In an example, a UE may transmit one or more downlink DM-RSs 523 to abase station for channel estimation, for example, for coherentdemodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH514). For example, a radio network may support one or more variableand/or configurable DM-RS patterns for data demodulation. At least onedownlink DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-statisticallyconfigure a UE with a maximum number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols forPDSCH 514. For example, a DM-RS configuration may support one or moreDM-RS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DM-RS configurationmay support at least 8 orthogonal downlink DM-RS ports. For example, formultiuser-MIMO, a DM-RS configuration may support 12 orthogonal downlinkDM-RS ports. A radio network may support, e.g., at least for CP-OFDM, acommon DM-RS structure for DL and UL, wherein a DM-RS location, DM-RSpattern, and/or scrambling sequence may be same or different.

In an example, whether downlink PT-RS 524 is present or not may dependon an RRC configuration. For example, a presence of downlink PT-RS 524may be UE-specifically configured. For example, a presence and/or apattern of downlink PT-RS 524 in a scheduled resource may beUE-specifically configured by a combination of RRC signaling and/orassociation with one or more parameters employed for other purposes(e.g., MCS) which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamicpresence of downlink PT-RS 524 may be associated with one or more DCIparameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may supportplurality of PT-RS densities defined in time/frequency domain. Whenpresent, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least oneconfiguration of a scheduled bandwidth. A UE may assume a same precodingfor a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewerthan a number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. For example,downlink PT-RS 524 may be confined in the scheduled time/frequencyduration for a UE.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example frame structure for a carrieras per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Amulticarrier OFDM communication system may include one or more carriers,for example, ranging from 1 to 32 carriers, in case of carrieraggregation, or ranging from 1 to 64 carriers, in case of dualconnectivity. Different radio frame structures may be supported (e.g.,for FDD and for TDD duplex mechanisms). FIG. 6 shows an example framestructure. Downlink and uplink transmissions may be organized into radioframes 601. In this example, radio frame duration is 10 ms. In thisexample, a 10 ms radio frame 601 may be divided into ten equally sizedsubframes 602 with 1 ms duration. Subframe(s) may comprise one or moreslots (e.g. slots 603 and 605) depending on subcarrier spacing and/or CPlength. For example, a subframe with 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz,240 kHz and 480 kHz subcarrier spacing may comprise one, two, four,eight, sixteen and thirty-two slots, respectively. In FIG. 6 , asubframe may be divided into two equally sized slots 603 with 0.5 msduration. For example, 10 subframes may be available for downlinktransmission and 10 subframes may be available for uplink transmissionsin a 10 ms interval. Uplink and downlink transmissions may be separatedin the frequency domain. Slot(s) may include a plurality of OFDM symbols604. The number of OFDM symbols 604 in a slot 605 may depend on thecyclic prefix length. For example, a slot may be 14 OFDM symbols for thesame subcarrier spacing of up to 480 kHz with normal CP. A slot may be12 OFDM symbols for the same subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz with extendedCP. A slot may contain downlink, uplink, or a downlink part and anuplink part and/or alike.

FIG. 7A is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example, agNB may communicate with a wireless device with a carrier with anexample channel bandwidth 700. Arrow(s) in the diagram may depict asubcarrier in a multicarrier OFDM system. The OFDM system may usetechnology such as OFDM technology, SC-FDMA technology, and/or the like.In an example, an arrow 701 shows a subcarrier transmitting informationsymbols. In an example, a subcarrier spacing 702, between two contiguoussubcarriers in a carrier, may be any one of 15 KHz, 30 KHz, 60 KHz, 120KHz, 240 KHz etc. In an example, different subcarrier spacing maycorrespond to different transmission numerologies. In an example, atransmission numerology may comprise at least: a numerology index; avalue of subcarrier spacing; a type of cyclic prefix (CP). In anexample, a gNB may transmit to/receive from a UE on a number ofsubcarriers 703 in a carrier. In an example, a bandwidth occupied by anumber of subcarriers 703 (transmission bandwidth) may be smaller thanthe channel bandwidth 700 of a carrier, due to guard band 704 and 705.In an example, a guard band 704 and 705 may be used to reduceinterference to and from one or more neighbor carriers. A number ofsubcarriers (transmission bandwidth) in a carrier may depend on thechannel bandwidth of the carrier and the subcarrier spacing. Forexample, a transmission bandwidth, for a carrier with 20 MHz channelbandwidth and 15 KHz subcarrier spacing, may be in number of 1024subcarriers.

In an example, a gNB and a wireless device may communicate with multipleCCs when configured with CA. In an example, different component carriersmay have different bandwidth and/or subcarrier spacing, if CA issupported. In an example, a gNB may transmit a first type of service toa UE on a first component carrier. The gNB may transmit a second type ofservice to the UE on a second component carrier. Different type ofservices may have different service requirement (e.g., data rate,latency, reliability), which may be suitable for transmission viadifferent component carrier having different subcarrier spacing and/orbandwidth. FIG. 7B shows an example embodiment. A first componentcarrier may comprise a first number of subcarriers 706 with a firstsubcarrier spacing 709. A second component carrier may comprise a secondnumber of subcarriers 707 with a second subcarrier spacing 710. A thirdcomponent carrier may comprise a third number of subcarriers 708 with athird subcarrier spacing 711. Carriers in a multicarrier OFDMcommunication system may be contiguous carriers, non-contiguouscarriers, or a combination of both contiguous and non-contiguouscarriers.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure. In an example, a carrier mayhave a transmission bandwidth 801. In an example, a resource grid may bein a structure of frequency domain 802 and time domain 803. In anexample, a resource grid may comprise a first number of OFDM symbols ina subframe and a second number of resource blocks, starting from acommon resource block indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g. RRCsignaling), for a transmission numerology and a carrier. In an example,in a resource grid, a resource unit identified by a subcarrier index anda symbol index may be a resource element 805. In an example, a subframemay comprise a first number of OFDM symbols 807 depending on anumerology associated with a carrier. For example, when a subcarrierspacing of a numerology of a carrier is 15 KHz, a subframe may have 14OFDM symbols for a carrier. When a subcarrier spacing of a numerology is30 KHz, a subframe may have 28 OFDM symbols. When a subcarrier spacingof a numerology is 60 Khz, a subframe may have 56 OFDM symbols, etc. Inan example, a second number of resource blocks comprised in a resourcegrid of a carrier may depend on a bandwidth and a numerology of thecarrier.

As shown in FIG. 8 , a resource block 806 may comprise 12 subcarriers.In an example, multiple resource blocks may be grouped into a ResourceBlock Group (RBG) 804. In an example, a size of a RBG may depend on atleast one of: an RRC message indicating a RBG size configuration; a sizeof a carrier bandwidth; or a size of a bandwidth part of a carrier. Inan example, a carrier may comprise multiple bandwidth parts. A firstbandwidth part of a carrier may have different frequency location and/orbandwidth from a second bandwidth part of the carrier.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising a downlink or uplink resource block assignment to a wirelessdevice. A base station may transmit to or receive from, a wirelessdevice, data packets (e.g. transport blocks) scheduled and transmittedvia one or more resource blocks and one or more slots according toparameters in a downlink control information and/or RRC message(s). Inan example, a starting symbol relative to a first slot of the one ormore slots may be indicated to the wireless device. In an example, a gNBmay transmit to or receive from, a wireless device, data packetsscheduled on one or more RBGs and one or more slots.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising a downlink assignment to a wireless device via one or morePDCCHs. The downlink assignment may comprise parameters indicating atleast modulation and coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQinformation related to DL-SCH. In an example, a resource allocation maycomprise parameters of resource block allocation; and/or slotallocation. In an example, a gNB may dynamically allocate resources to awireless device via a Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI)on one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs in order to find possible allocation when its downlink receptionis enabled. The wireless device may receive one or more downlink datapackage on one or more PDSCH scheduled by the one or more PDCCHs, whensuccessfully detecting the one or more PDCCHs.

In an example, a gNB may allocate Configured Scheduling (CS) resourcesfor down link transmission to a wireless device. The gNB may transmitone or more RRC messages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. ThegNB may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a ConfiguredScheduling-RNTI (CS-RNTI) activating the CS resources. The DCI maycomprise parameters indicating that the downlink grant is a CS grant.The CS grant may be implicitly reused according to the periodicitydefined by the one or more RRC messages, until deactivated.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising an uplink grant to a wireless device via one or more PDCCHs.The uplink grant may comprise parameters indicating at least modulationand coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQ information relatedto UL-SCH. In an example, a resource allocation may comprise parametersof resource block allocation; and/or slot allocation. In an example, agNB may dynamically allocate resources to a wireless device via a C-RNTIon one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs in order to find possible resource allocation. The wirelessdevice may transmit one or more uplink data package via one or morePUSCH scheduled by the one or more PDCCHs, when successfully detectingthe one or more PDCCHs.

In an example, a gNB may allocate CS resources for uplink datatransmission to a wireless device. The gNB may transmit one or more RRCmessages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. The gNB may transmita DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a CS-RNTI activating the CS resources.The DCI may comprise parameters indicating that the uplink grant is a CSgrant. The CS grant may be implicitly reused according to theperiodicity defined by the one or more RRC message, until deactivated.

In an example, a base station may transmit DCI/control signaling viaPDCCH. The DCI may take a format in a plurality of formats. A DCI maycomprise downlink and/or uplink scheduling information (e.g., resourceallocation information, HARQ related parameters, MCS), request for CSI(e.g., aperiodic CQI reports), request for SRS, uplink power controlcommands for one or more cells, one or more timing information (e.g., TBtransmission/reception timing, HARQ feedback timing, etc.), etc. In anexample, a DCI may indicate an uplink grant comprising transmissionparameters for one or more transport blocks. In an example, a DCI mayindicate downlink assignment indicating parameters for receiving one ormore transport blocks. In an example, a DCI may be used by base stationto initiate a contention-free random access at the wireless device. Inan example, the base station may transmit a DCI comprising slot formatindicator (SFI) notifying a slot format. In an example, the base stationmay transmit a DCI comprising pre-emption indication notifying thePRB(s) and/or OFDM symbol(s) where a UE may assume no transmission isintended for the UE. In an example, the base station may transmit a DCIfor group power control of PUCCH or PUSCH or SRS. In an example, a DCImay correspond to an RNTI. In an example, the wireless device may obtainan RNTI in response to completing the initial access (e.g., C-RNTI). Inan example, the base station may configure an RNTI for the wireless(e.g., CS-RNTI, TPC-CS-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI,TPC-SRS-RNTI). In an example, the wireless device may compute an RNTI(e.g., the wireless device may compute RA-RNTI based on resources usedfor transmission of a preamble). In an example, an RNTI may have apre-configured value (e.g., P-RNTI or SI-RNTI). In an example, awireless device may monitor a group common search space which may beused by base station for transmitting DCIs that are intended for a groupof UEs. In an example, a group common DCI may correspond to an RNTIwhich is commonly configured for a group of UEs. In an example, awireless device may monitor a UE-specific search space. In an example, aUE specific DCI may correspond to an RNTI configured for the wirelessdevice.

A NR system may support a single beam operation and/or a multi-beamoperation. In a multi-beam operation, a base station may perform adownlink beam sweeping to provide coverage for common control channelsand/or downlink SS blocks, which may comprise at least a PSS, a SSS,and/or PBCH. A wireless device may measure quality of a beam pair linkusing one or more RSs. One or more SS blocks, or one or more CSI-RSresources, associated with a CSI-RS resource index (CRI), or one or moreDM-RSs of PBCH, may be used as RS for measuring quality of a beam pairlink. Quality of a beam pair link may be defined as a reference signalreceived power (RSRP) value, or a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) value, and/or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The basestation may indicate whether an RS resource, used for measuring a beampair link quality, is quasi-co-located (QCLed) with DM-RSs of a controlchannel. A RS resource and DM-RSs of a control channel may be calledQCLed when a channel characteristics from a transmission on an RS to awireless device, and that from a transmission on a control channel to awireless device, are similar or same under a configured criterion. In amulti-beam operation, a wireless device may perform an uplink beamsweeping to access a cell.

In an example, a wireless device may be configured to monitor PDCCH onone or more beam pair links simultaneously depending on a capability ofa wireless device. This may increase robustness against beam pair linkblocking. A base station may transmit one or more messages to configurea wireless device to monitor PDCCH on one or more beam pair links indifferent PDCCH OFDM symbols. For example, a base station may transmithigher layer signaling (e.g. RRC signaling) or MAC CE comprisingparameters related to the Rx beam setting of a wireless device formonitoring PDCCH on one or more beam pair links. A base station maytransmit indication of spatial QCL assumption between an DL RS antennaport(s) (for example, cell-specific CSI-RS, or wireless device-specificCSI-RS, or SS block, or PBCH with or without DM-RSs of PBCH), and DL RSantenna port(s) for demodulation of DL control channel. Signaling forbeam indication for a PDCCH may be MAC CE signaling, or RRC signaling,or DCI signaling, or specification-transparent and/or implicit method,and combination of these signaling methods.

For reception of unicast DL data channel, a base station may indicatespatial QCL parameters between DL RS antenna port(s) and DM-RS antennaport(s) of DL data channel. The base station may transmit DCI (e.g.downlink grants) comprising information indicating the RS antennaport(s). The information may indicate RS antenna port(s) which may beQCLed with the DM-RS antenna port(s). Different set of DM-RS antennaport(s) for a DL data channel may be indicated as QCL with different setof the RS antenna port(s).

FIG. 9A is an example of beam sweeping in a DL channel. In anRRC_INACTIVE state or RRC_IDLE state, a wireless device may assume thatSS blocks form an SS burst 940, and an SS burst set 950. The SS burstset 950 may have a given periodicity. For example, in a multi-beamoperation, a base station 120 may transmit SS blocks in multiple beams,together forming a SS burst 940. One or more SS blocks may betransmitted on one beam. If multiple SS bursts 940 are transmitted withmultiple beams, SS bursts together may form SS burst set 950.

A wireless device may further use CSI-RS in the multi-beam operation forestimating a beam quality of a links between a wireless device and abase station. A beam may be associated with a CSI-RS. For example, awireless device may, based on a RSRP measurement on CSI-RS, report abeam index, as indicated in a CRI for downlink beam selection, andassociated with a RSRP value of a beam. A CSI-RS may be transmitted on aCSI-RS resource including at least one of one or more antenna ports, oneor more time or frequency radio resources. A CSI-RS resource may beconfigured in a cell-specific way by common RRC signaling, or in awireless device-specific way by dedicated RRC signaling, and/or L1/L2signaling. Multiple wireless devices covered by a cell may measure acell-specific CSI-RS resource. A dedicated subset of wireless devicescovered by a cell may measure a wireless device-specific CSI-RSresource.

A CSI-RS resource may be transmitted periodically, or using aperiodictransmission, or using a multi-shot or semi-persistent transmission. Forexample, in a periodic transmission in FIG. 9A, a base station 120 maytransmit configured CSI-RS resources 940 periodically using a configuredperiodicity in a time domain. In an aperiodic transmission, a configuredCSI-RS resource may be transmitted in a dedicated time slot. In amulti-shot or semi-persistent transmission, a configured CSI-RS resourcemay be transmitted within a configured period. Beams used for CSI-RStransmission may have different beam width than beams used for SS-blockstransmission.

FIG. 9B is an example of a beam management procedure in an example newradio network. A base station 120 and/or a wireless device 110 mayperform a downlink L1/L2 beam management procedure. One or more of thefollowing downlink L1/L2 beam management procedures may be performedwithin one or more wireless devices 110 and one or more base stations120. In an example, a P-1 procedure 910 may be used to enable thewireless device 110 to measure one or more Transmission (Tx) beamsassociated with the base station 120 to support a selection of a firstset of Tx beams associated with the base station 120 and a first set ofRx beam(s) associated with a wireless device 110. For beamforming at abase station 120, a base station 120 may sweep a set of different TXbeams. For beamforming at a wireless device 110, a wireless device 110may sweep a set of different Rx beams. In an example, a P-2 procedure920 may be used to enable a wireless device 110 to measure one or moreTx beams associated with a base station 120 to possibly change a firstset of Tx beams associated with a base station 120. A P-2 procedure 920may be performed on a possibly smaller set of beams for beam refinementthan in the P-1 procedure 910. A P-2 procedure 920 may be a special caseof a P-1 procedure 910. In an example, a P-3 procedure 930 may be usedto enable a wireless device 110 to measure at least one Tx beamassociated with a base station 120 to change a first set of Rx beamsassociated with a wireless device 110.

A wireless device 110 may transmit one or more beam management reportsto a base station 120. In one or more beam management reports, awireless device 110 may indicate some beam pair quality parameters,comprising at least, one or more beam identifications; RSRP; PrecodingMatrix Indicator (PMI)/Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)/Rank Indicator(RI) of a subset of configured beams. Based on one or more beammanagement reports, a base station 120 may transmit to a wireless device110 a signal indicating that one or more beam pair links are one or moreserving beams. A base station 120 may transmit PDCCH and PDSCH for awireless device 110 using one or more serving beams.

In an example embodiment, new radio network may support a BandwidthAdaptation (BA). In an example, receive and/or transmit bandwidthsconfigured by an UE employing a BA may not be large. For example, areceive and/or transmit bandwidths may not be as large as a bandwidth ofa cell. Receive and/or transmit bandwidths may be adjustable. Forexample, a UE may change receive and/or transmit bandwidths, e.g., toshrink during period of low activity to save power. For example, a UEmay change a location of receive and/or transmit bandwidths in afrequency domain, e.g. to increase scheduling flexibility. For example,a UE may change a subcarrier spacing, e.g. to allow different services.

In an example embodiment, a subset of a total cell bandwidth of a cellmay be referred to as a Bandwidth Part (BWP). A base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more BWPs to achieve a BA. For example, abase station may indicate, to a UE, which of the one or more(configured) BWPs is an active BWP.

FIG. 10 is an example diagram of 3 BWPs configured: BWP1 (1010 and 1050)with a width of 40 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP2 (1020 and1040) with a width of 10 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP3 1030with a width of 20 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz.

In an example, a UE, configured for operation in one or more BWPs of acell, may be configured by one or more higher layers (e.g. RRC layer)for a cell a set of one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs) forreceptions by the UE (DL BWP set) in a DL bandwidth by at least oneparameter DL-BWP and a set of one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs)for transmissions by a UE (UL BWP set) in an UL bandwidth by at leastone parameter UL-BWP for a cell.

To enable BA on the PCell, a base station may configure a UE with one ormore UL and DL BWP pairs. To enable BA on SCells (e.g., in case of CA),a base station may configure a UE at least with one or more DL BWPs(e.g., there may be none in an UL).

In an example, an initial active DL BWP may be defined by at least oneof a location and number of contiguous PRBs, a subcarrier spacing, or acyclic prefix, for a control resource set for at least one common searchspace. For operation on the PCell, one or more higher layer parametersmay indicate at least one initial UL BWP for a random access procedure.If a UE is configured with a secondary carrier on a primary cell, the UEmay be configured with an initial BWP for random access procedure on asecondary carrier.

In an example, for unpaired spectrum operation, a UE may expect that acenter frequency for a DL BWP may be same as a center frequency for a ULBWP.

For example, for a DL BWP or an UL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPsor one or more UL BWPs, respectively, a base statin maysemi-statistically configure a UE for a cell with one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: a subcarrier spacing; a cyclicprefix; a number of contiguous PRBs; an index in the set of one or moreDL BWPs and/or one or more UL BWPs; a link between a DL BWP and an ULBWP from a set of configured DL BWPs and UL BWPs; a DCI detection to aPDSCH reception timing; a PDSCH reception to a HARQ-ACK transmissiontiming value; a DCI detection to a PUSCH transmission timing value; anoffset of a first PRB of a DL bandwidth or an UL bandwidth,respectively, relative to a first PRB of a bandwidth.

In an example, for a DL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPs on a PCell,a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource setsfor at least one type of common search space and/or one UE-specificsearch space. For example, a base station may not configure a UE withouta common search space on a PCell, or on a PSCell, in an active DL BWP.

For an UL BWP in a set of one or more UL BWPs, a base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCHtransmissions.

In an example, if a DCI comprises a BWP indicator field, a BWP indicatorfield value may indicate an active DL BWP, from a configured DL BWP set,for one or more DL receptions. If a DCI comprises a BWP indicator field,a BWP indicator field value may indicate an active UL BWP, from aconfigured UL BWP set, for one or more UL transmissions.

In an example, for a PCell, a base station may semi-statisticallyconfigure a UE with a default DL BWP among configured DL BWPs. If a UEis not provided a default DL BWP, a default BWP may be an initial activeDL BWP.

In an example, a base station may configure a UE with a timer value fora PCell. For example, a UE may start a timer, referred to as BWPinactivity timer, when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active DL BWP,other than a default DL BWP, for a paired spectrum operation or when aUE detects a DCI indicating an active DL BWP or UL BWP, other than adefault DL BWP or UL BWP, for an unpaired spectrum operation. The UE mayincrement the timer by an interval of a first value (e.g., the firstvalue may be 1 millisecond or 0.5 milliseconds) if the UE does notdetect a DCI during the interval for a paired spectrum operation or foran unpaired spectrum operation. In an example, the timer may expire whenthe timer is equal to the timer value. A UE may switch to the default DLBWP from an active DL BWP when the timer expires.

In an example, a base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to asecond BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP asan active BWP and/or in response to an expiry of BWP inactivity timer(for example, the second BWP may be a default BWP). For example, FIG. 10is an example diagram of 3 BWPs configured, BWP1 (1010 and 1050), BWP2(1020 and 1040), and BWP3 (1030). BWP2 (1020 and 1040) may be a defaultBWP. BWP1 (1010) may be an initial active BWP. In an example, a UE mayswitch an active BWP from BWP1 1010 to BWP2 1020 in response to anexpiry of BWP inactivity timer. For example, a UE may switch an activeBWP from BWP2 1020 to BWP3 1030 in response to receiving a DCIindicating BWP3 1030 as an active BWP. Switching an active BWP from BWP31030 to BWP2 1040 and/or from BWP2 1040 to BWP1 1050 may be in responseto receiving a DCI indicating an active BWP and/or in response to anexpiry of BWP inactivity timer.

In an example, if a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a defaultDL BWP among configured DL BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures on asecondary cell may be same as on a primary cell using the timer valuefor the secondary cell and the default DL BWP for the secondary cell.

In an example, if a base station configures a UE with a first active DLBWP and a first active UL BWP on a secondary cell or carrier, a UE mayemploy an indicated DL BWP and an indicated UL BWP on a secondary cellas a respective first active DL BWP and first active UL BWP on asecondary cell or carrier.

FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show packet flows employing a multi connectivity(e.g. dual connectivity, multi connectivity, tight interworking, and/orthe like). FIG. 11A is an example diagram of a protocol structure of awireless device 110 (e.g. UE) with CA and/or multi connectivity as peran aspect of an embodiment. FIG. 11B is an example diagram of a protocolstructure of multiple base stations with CA and/or multi connectivity asper an aspect of an embodiment. The multiple base stations may comprisea master node, MN 1130 (e.g. a master node, a master base station, amaster gNB, a master eNB, and/or the like) and a secondary node, SN 1150(e.g. a secondary node, a secondary base station, a secondary gNB, asecondary eNB, and/or the like). A master node 1130 and a secondary node1150 may co-work to communicate with a wireless device 110.

When multi connectivity is configured for a wireless device 110, thewireless device 110, which may support multiple reception/transmissionfunctions in an RRC connected state, may be configured to utilize radioresources provided by multiple schedulers of a multiple base stations.Multiple base stations may be inter-connected via a non-ideal or idealbackhaul (e.g. Xn interface, X2 interface, and/or the like). A basestation involved in multi connectivity for a certain wireless device mayperform at least one of two different roles: a base station may eitheract as a master base station or as a secondary base station. In multiconnectivity, a wireless device may be connected to one master basestation and one or more secondary base stations. In an example, a masterbase station (e.g. the MN 1130) may provide a master cell group (MCG)comprising a primary cell and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g. the wireless device 110). A secondary base station(e.g. the SN 1150) may provide a secondary cell group (SCG) comprising aprimary secondary cell (PSCell) and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g. the wireless device 110).

In multi connectivity, a radio protocol architecture that a beareremploys may depend on how a bearer is setup. In an example, threedifferent type of bearer setup options may be supported: an MCG bearer,an SCG bearer, and/or a split bearer. A wireless device mayreceive/transmit packets of an MCG bearer via one or more cells of theMCG, and/or may receive/transmits packets of an SCG bearer via one ormore cells of an SCG. Multi-connectivity may also be described as havingat least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by thesecondary base station. Multi-connectivity may or may not beconfigured/implemented in some of the example embodiments.

In an example, a wireless device (e.g. Wireless Device 110) may transmitand/or receive: packets of an MCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP1110), a PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1111), an RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC1114), and a MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1118); packets of a split bearer viaan SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1110), a PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1112), one ofa master or secondary RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1115, SN RLC 1116), and oneof a master or secondary MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1118, SN MAC 1119);and/or packets of an SCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1110), aPDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1113), an RLC layer (e.g. SN RLC 1117), and aMAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1119).

In an example, a master base station (e.g. MN 1130) and/or a secondarybase station (e.g. SN 1150) may transmit/receive: packets of an MCGbearer via a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP1140), a master or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1121, NR PDCP1142), a master node RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1124, MN RLC 1125), and amaster node MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1128); packets of an SCG bearer via amaster or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP 1140), amaster or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1122, NR PDCP 1143), asecondary node RLC layer (e.g. SN RLC 1146, SN RLC 1147), and asecondary node MAC layer (e.g. SN MAC 1148); packets of a split bearervia a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP 1140), amaster or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1123, NR PDCP 1141), amaster or secondary node RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1126, SN RLC 1144, SNRLC 1145, MN RLC 1127), and a master or secondary node MAC layer (e.g.MN MAC 1128, SN MAC 1148).

In multi connectivity, a wireless device may configure multiple MACentities: one MAC entity (e.g. MN MAC 1118) for a master base station,and other MAC entities (e.g. SN MAC 1119) for a secondary base station.In multi-connectivity, a configured set of serving cells for a wirelessdevice may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising serving cells of amaster base station, and SCGs comprising serving cells of a secondarybase station. For an SCG, one or more of following configurations may beapplied: at least one cell of an SCG has a configured UL CC and at leastone cell of a SCG, named as primary secondary cell (PSCell, PCell ofSCG, or sometimes called PCell), is configured with PUCCH resources;when an SCG is configured, there may be at least one SCG bearer or oneSplit bearer; upon detection of a physical layer problem or a randomaccess problem on a PSCell, or a number of NR RLC retransmissions hasbeen reached associated with the SCG, or upon detection of an accessproblem on a PSCell during a SCG addition or a SCG change: an RRCconnection re-establishment procedure may not be triggered, ULtransmissions towards cells of an SCG may be stopped, a master basestation may be informed by a wireless device of a SCG failure type, forsplit bearer, a DL data transfer over a master base station may bemaintained; an NR RLC acknowledged mode (AM) bearer may be configuredfor a split bearer; PCell and/or PSCell may not be de-activated; PSCellmay be changed with a SCG change procedure (e.g. with security keychange and a RACH procedure); and/or a bearer type change between asplit bearer and a SCG bearer or simultaneous configuration of a SCG anda split bearer may or may not supported.

With respect to interaction between a master base station and asecondary base stations for multi-connectivity, one or more of thefollowing may be applied: a master base station and/or a secondary basestation may maintain RRM measurement configurations of a wirelessdevice; a master base station may (e.g. based on received measurementreports, traffic conditions, and/or bearer types) may decide to requesta secondary base station to provide additional resources (e.g. servingcells) for a wireless device; upon receiving a request from a masterbase station, a secondary base station may create/modify a containerthat may result in configuration of additional serving cells for awireless device (or decide that the secondary base station has noresource available to do so); for a UE capability coordination, a masterbase station may provide (a part of) an AS configuration and UEcapabilities to a secondary base station; a master base station and asecondary base station may exchange information about a UE configurationby employing of RRC containers (inter-node messages) carried via Xnmessages; a secondary base station may initiate a reconfiguration of thesecondary base station existing serving cells (e.g. PUCCH towards thesecondary base station); a secondary base station may decide which cellis a PSCell within a SCG; a master base station may or may not changecontent of RRC configurations provided by a secondary base station; incase of a SCG addition and/or a SCG SCell addition, a master basestation may provide recent (or the latest) measurement results for SCGcell(s); a master base station and secondary base stations may receiveinformation of SFN and/or subframe offset of each other from OAM and/orvia an Xn interface, (e.g. for a purpose of DRX alignment and/oridentification of a measurement gap). In an example, when adding a newSCG SCell, dedicated RRC signaling may be used for sending requiredsystem information of a cell as for CA, except for a SFN acquired from aMIB of a PSCell of a SCG.

FIG. 12 is an example diagram of a random access procedure. One or moreevents may trigger a random access procedure. For example, one or moreevents may be at least one of following: initial access from RRC _IDLE,RRC connection re-establishment procedure, handover, DL or UL dataarrival during RRC CONNECTED when UL synchronization status isnon-synchronized, transition from RRC _Inactive, and/or request forother system information. For example, a PDCCH order, a MAC entity,and/or a beam failure indication may initiate a random access procedure.

In an example embodiment, a random access procedure may be at least oneof a contention based random access procedure and a contention freerandom access procedure. For example, a contention based random accessprocedure may comprise, one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions, one ormore Msg2 1230 transmissions, one or more Msg3 1240 transmissions, andcontention resolution 1250. For example, a contention free random accessprocedure may comprise one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions and one ormore Msg2 1230 transmissions.

In an example, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, orbroadcast), to a UE, a RACH configuration 1210 via one or more beams.The RACH configuration 1210 may comprise one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: available set of PRACH resourcesfor a transmission of a random access preamble, initial preamble power(e.g., random access preamble initial received target power), an RSRPthreshold for a selection of a SS block and corresponding PRACHresource, a power-ramping factor (e.g., random access preamble powerramping step), random access preamble index, a maximum number ofpreamble transmission, preamble group A and group B, a threshold (e.g.,message size) to determine the groups of random access preambles, a setof one or more random access preambles for system information requestand corresponding PRACH resource(s), if any, a set of one or more randomaccess preambles for beam failure recovery request and correspondingPRACH resource(s), if any, a time window to monitor RA response(s), atime window to monitor response(s) on beam failure recovery request,and/or a contention resolution timer.

In an example, the Msg1 1220 may be one or more transmissions of arandom access preamble. For a contention based random access procedure,a UE may select a SS block with a RSRP above the RSRP threshold. Ifrandom access preambles group B exists, a UE may select one or morerandom access preambles from a group A or a group B depending on apotential Msg3 1240 size. If a random access preambles group B does notexist, a UE may select the one or more random access preambles from agroup A. A UE may select a random access preamble index randomly (e.g.with equal probability or a normal distribution) from one or more randomaccess preambles associated with a selected group. If a base stationsemi-statistically configures a UE with an association between randomaccess preambles and SS blocks, the UE may select a random accesspreamble index randomly with equal probability from one or more randomaccess preambles associated with a selected SS block and a selectedgroup.

For example, a UE may initiate a contention free random access procedurebased on a beam failure indication from a lower layer. For example, abase station may semi-statistically configure a UE with one or morecontention free PRACH resources for beam failure recovery requestassociated with at least one of SS blocks and/or CSI-RSs. If at leastone of SS blocks with a RSRP above a first RSRP threshold amongstassociated SS blocks or at least one of CSI-RSs with a RSRP above asecond RSRP threshold amongst associated CSI-RSs is available, a UE mayselect a random access preamble index corresponding to a selected SSblock or CSI-RS from a set of one or more random access preambles forbeam failure recovery request.

For example, a UE may receive, from a base station, a random accesspreamble index via PDCCH or RRC for a contention free random accessprocedure. If a base station does not configure a UE with at least onecontention free PRACH resource associated with SS blocks or CSI-RS, theUE may select a random access preamble index. If a base stationconfigures a UE with one or more contention free PRACH resourcesassociated with SS blocks and at least one SS block with a RSRP above afirst RSRP threshold amongst associated SS blocks is available, the UEmay select the at least one SS block and select a random access preamblecorresponding to the at least one SS block. If a base station configuresa UE with one or more contention free PRACH resources associated withCSI-RSs and at least one CSI-RS with a RSRP above a second RSPRthreshold amongst the associated CSI-RSs is available, the UE may selectthe at least one CSI-RS and select a random access preamblecorresponding to the at least one CSI-RS.

A UE may perform one or more Msg1 1220 transmissions by transmitting theselected random access preamble. For example, if a UE selects an SSblock and is configured with an association between one or more PRACHoccasions and one or more SS blocks, the UE may determine an PRACHoccasion from one or more PRACH occasions corresponding to a selected SSblock. For example, if a UE selects a CSI-RS and is configured with anassociation between one or more PRACH occasions and one or more CSI-RSs,the UE may determine a PRACH occasion from one or more PRACH occasionscorresponding to a selected CSI-RS. A UE may transmit, to a basestation, a selected random access preamble via a selected PRACHoccasions. A UE may determine a transmit power for a transmission of aselected random access preamble at least based on an initial preamblepower and a power-ramping factor. A UE may determine a RA-RNTIassociated with a selected PRACH occasions in which a selected randomaccess preamble is transmitted. For example, a UE may not determine aRA-RNTI for a beam failure recovery request. A UE may determine anRA-RNTI at least based on an index of a first OFDM symbol and an indexof a first slot of a selected PRACH occasions, and/or an uplink carrierindex for a transmission of Msg1 1220.

In an example, a UE may receive, from a base station, a random accessresponse, Msg 2 1230. A UE may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a random access response. For beam failurerecovery request, a base station may configure a UE with a differenttime window (e.g., bfr-Response Window) to monitor response on beamfailure recovery request. For example, a UE may start a time window(e.g., ra-ResponseWindow or bfr-Response Window) at a start of a firstPDCCH occasion after a fixed duration of one or more symbols from an endof a preamble transmission. If a UE transmits multiple preambles, the UEmay start a time window at a start of a first PDCCH occasion after afixed duration of one or more symbols from an end of a first preambletransmission. A UE may monitor a PDCCH of a cell for at least one randomaccess response identified by a RA-RNTI or for at least one response tobeam failure recovery request identified by a C-RNTI while a timer for atime window is running.

In an example, a UE may consider a reception of random access responsesuccessful if at least one random access response comprises a randomaccess preamble identifier corresponding to a random access preambletransmitted by the UE. A UE may consider the contention free randomaccess procedure successfully completed if a reception of random accessresponse is successful. If a contention free random access procedure istriggered for a beam failure recovery request, a UE may consider acontention free random access procedure successfully complete if a PDCCHtransmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. In an example, if at least onerandom access response comprises a random access preamble identifier, aUE may consider the random access procedure successfully completed andmay indicate a reception of an acknowledgement for a system informationrequest to upper layers. If a UE has signaled multiple preambletransmissions, the UE may stop transmitting remaining preambles (if any)in response to a successful reception of a corresponding random accessresponse.

In an example, a UE may perform one or more Msg 3 1240 transmissions inresponse to a successful reception of random access response (e.g., fora contention based random access procedure). A UE may adjust an uplinktransmission timing based on a timing advanced command indicated by arandom access response and may transmit one or more transport blocksbased on an uplink grant indicated by a random access response.Subcarrier spacing for PUSCH transmission for Msg3 1240 may be providedby at least one higher layer (e.g. RRC) parameter. A UE may transmit arandom access preamble via PRACH and Msg3 1240 via PUSCH on a same cell.A base station may indicate an UL BWP for a PUSCH transmission of Msg31240 via system information block. A UE may employ HARQ for aretransmission of Msg 3 1240.

In an example, multiple UEs may perform Msg 1 1220 by transmitting asame preamble to a base station and receive, from the base station, asame random access response comprising an identity (e.g., TC-RNTI).Contention resolution 1250 may ensure that a UE does not incorrectly usean identity of another UE. For example, contention resolution 1250 maybe based on C-RNTI on PDCCH or a UE contention resolution identity onDL-SCH. For example, if a base station assigns a C-RNTI to a UE, the UEmay perform contention resolution 1250 based on a reception of a PDCCHtransmission that is addressed to the C-RNTI. In response to detectionof a C-RNTI on a PDCCH, a UE may consider contention resolution 1250successful and may consider a random access procedure successfullycompleted. If a UE has no valid C-RNTI, a contention resolution may beaddressed by employing a TC-RNTI. For example, if a MAC PDU issuccessfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises a UE contention resolutionidentity MAC CE that matches the CCCH SDU transmitted in Msg3 1250, a UEmay consider the contention resolution 1250 successful and may considerthe random access procedure successfully completed.

FIG. 13 is an example structure for MAC entities as per an aspect of anembodiment. In an example, a wireless device may be configured tooperate in a multi-connectivity mode. A wireless device in RRC_CONNECTEDwith multiple RX/TX may be configured to utilize radio resourcesprovided by multiple schedulers located in a plurality of base stations.The plurality of base stations may be connected via a non-ideal or idealbackhaul over the Xn interface. In an example, a base station in aplurality of base stations may act as a master base station or as asecondary base station. A wireless device may be connected to one masterbase station and one or more secondary base stations. A wireless devicemay be configured with multiple MAC entities, e.g. one MAC entity formaster base station, and one or more other MAC entities for secondarybase station(s). In an example, a configured set of serving cells for awireless device may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising servingcells of a master base station, and one or more SCGs comprising servingcells of a secondary base station(s). FIG. 13 illustrates an examplestructure for MAC entities when MCG and SCG are configured for awireless device.

In an example, at least one cell in a SCG may have a configured UL CC,wherein a cell of at least one cell may be called PSCell or PCell ofSCG, or sometimes may be simply called PCell. A PSCell may be configuredwith PUCCH resources. In an example, when a SCG is configured, there maybe at least one SCG bearer or one split bearer. In an example, upondetection of a physical layer problem or a random access problem on aPSCell, or upon reaching a number of RLC retransmissions associated withthe SCG, or upon detection of an access problem on a PSCell during a SCGaddition or a SCG change: an RRC connection re-establishment proceduremay not be triggered, UL transmissions towards cells of an SCG may bestopped, a master base station may be informed by a UE of a SCG failuretype and DL data transfer over a master base station may be maintained.

In an example, a MAC sublayer may provide services such as data transferand radio resource allocation to upper layers (e.g. 1310 or 1320). A MACsublayer may comprise a plurality of MAC entities (e.g. 1350 and 1360).A MAC sublayer may provide data transfer services on logical channels.To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple typesof logical channels may be defined. A logical channel may supporttransfer of a particular type of information. A logical channel type maybe defined by what type of information (e.g., control or data) istransferred. For example, BCCH, PCCH, CCCH and DCCH may be controlchannels and DTCH may be a traffic channel. In an example, a first MACentity (e.g. 1310) may provide services on PCCH, BCCH, CCCH, DCCH, DTCHand MAC control elements. In an example, a second MAC entity (e.g. 1320)may provide services on BCCH, DCCH, DTCH and MAC control elements.

A MAC sublayer may expect from a physical layer (e.g. 1330 or 1340)services such as data transfer services, signaling of HARQ feedback,signaling of scheduling request or measurements (e.g. CQI). In anexample, in dual connectivity, two MAC entities may be configured for awireless device: one for MCG and one for SCG. A MAC entity of wirelessdevice may handle a plurality of transport channels. In an example, afirst MAC entity may handle first transport channels comprising a PCCHof MCG, a first BCH of MCG, one or more first DL-SCHs of MCG, one ormore first UL-SCHs of MCG and one or more first RACHs of MCG. In anexample, a second MAC entity may handle second transport channelscomprising a second BCH of SCG, one or more second DL-SCHs of SCG, oneor more second UL-SCHs of SCG and one or more second RACHs of SCG.

In an example, if a MAC entity is configured with one or more SCells,there may be multiple DL-SCHs and there may be multiple UL-SCHs as wellas multiple RACHs per MAC entity. In an example, there may be one DL-SCHand UL-SCH on a SpCell. In an example, there may be one DL-SCH, zero orone UL-SCH and zero or one RACH for an SCell. A DL-SCH may supportreceptions using different numerologies and/or TTI duration within a MACentity. A UL-SCH may also support transmissions using differentnumerologies and/or TTI duration within the MAC entity.

In an example, a MAC sublayer may support different functions and maycontrol these functions with a control (e.g. 1355 or 1365) element.Functions performed by a MAC entity may comprise mapping between logicalchannels and transport channels (e.g., in uplink or downlink),multiplexing (e.g. 1352 or 1362) of MAC SDUs from one or differentlogical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to thephysical layer on transport channels (e.g., in uplink), demultiplexing(e.g. 1352 or 1362) of MAC SDUs to one or different logical channelsfrom transport blocks (TB) delivered from the physical layer ontransport channels (e.g., in downlink), scheduling information reporting(e.g., in uplink), error correction through HARQ in uplink or downlink(e.g. 1363), and logical channel prioritization in uplink (e.g. 1351 or1361). A MAC entity may handle a random access process (e.g. 1354 or1364).

FIG. 14 is an example diagram of a RAN architecture comprising one ormore base stations. In an example, a protocol stack (e.g. RRC, SDAP,PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY) may be supported at a node. A base station(e.g. 120A or 120B) may comprise a base station central unit (CU) (e.g.gNB-CU 1420A or 1420B) and at least one base station distributed unit(DU) (e.g. gNB-DU 1430A, 1430B, 1430C, or 1430D) if a functional splitis configured. Upper protocol layers of a base station may be located ina base station CU, and lower layers of the base station may be locatedin the base station DUs. An F1 interface (e.g. CU-DU interface)connecting a base station CU and base station DUs may be an ideal ornon-ideal backhaul. F1-C may provide a control plane connection over anF1 interface, and F1-U may provide a user plane connection over the F1interface. In an example, an Xn interface may be configured between basestation CUs.

In an example, a base station CU may comprise an RRC function, an SDAPlayer, and a PDCP layer, and base station DUs may comprise an RLC layer,a MAC layer, and a PHY layer. In an example, various functional splitoptions between a base station CU and base station DUs may be possibleby locating different combinations of upper protocol layers (RANfunctions) in a base station CU and different combinations of lowerprotocol layers (RAN functions) in base station DUs. A functional splitmay support flexibility to move protocol layers between a base stationCU and base station DUs depending on service requirements and/or networkenvironments.

In an example, functional split options may be configured per basestation, per base station CU, per base station DU, per UE, per bearer,per slice, or with other granularities. In per base station CU split, abase station CU may have a fixed split option, and base station DUs maybe configured to match a split option of a base station CU. In per basestation DU split, a base station DU may be configured with a differentsplit option, and a base station CU may provide different split optionsfor different base station DUs. In per UE split, a base station (basestation CU and at least one base station DUs) may provide differentsplit options for different wireless devices. In per bearer split,different split options may be utilized for different bearers. In perslice splice, different split options may be applied for differentslices.

FIG. 15 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of awireless device. In an example, a wireless device may be in at least oneRRC state among an RRC connected state (e.g. RRC Connected 1530,RRC_Connected), an RRC idle state (e.g. RRC Idle 1510, RRC_Idle), and/oran RRC inactive state (e.g. RRC Inactive 1520, RRC_Inactive). In anexample, in an RRC connected state, a wireless device may have at leastone RRC connection with at least one base station (e.g. gNB and/or eNB),which may have a UE context of the wireless device. A UE context (e.g. awireless device context) may comprise at least one of an access stratumcontext, one or more radio link configuration parameters, bearer (e.g.data radio bearer (DRB), signaling radio bearer (SRB), logical channel,QoS flow, PDU session, and/or the like) configuration information,security information, PHY/MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAP layer configurationinformation, and/or the like configuration information for a wirelessdevice. In an example, in an RRC idle state, a wireless device may nothave an RRC connection with a base station, and a UE context of awireless device may not be stored in a base station. In an example, inan RRC inactive state, a wireless device may not have an RRC connectionwith a base station. A UE context of a wireless device may be stored ina base station, which may be called as an anchor base station (e.g. lastserving base station).

In an example, a wireless device may transition a UE RRC state betweenan RRC idle state and an RRC connected state in both ways (e.g.connection release 1540 or connection establishment 1550; or connectionreestablishment) and/or between an RRC inactive state and an RRCconnected state in both ways (e.g. connection inactivation 1570 orconnection resume 1580). In an example, a wireless device may transitionits RRC state from an RRC inactive state to an RRC idle state (e.g.connection release 1560).

In an example, an anchor base station may be a base station that maykeep a UE context (a wireless device context) of a wireless device atleast during a time period that a wireless device stays in a RANnotification area (RNA) of an anchor base station, and/or that awireless device stays in an RRC inactive state. In an example, an anchorbase station may be a base station that a wireless device in an RRCinactive state was lastly connected to in a latest RRC connected stateor that a wireless device lastly performed an RNA update procedure in.In an example, an RNA may comprise one or more cells operated by one ormore base stations. In an example, a base station may belong to one ormore RNAs. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RNAs.

In an example, a wireless device may transition a UE RRC state from anRRC connected state to an RRC inactive state in a base station. Awireless device may receive RNA information from the base station. RNAinformation may comprise at least one of an RNA identifier, one or morecell identifiers of one or more cells of an RNA, a base stationidentifier, an IP address of the base station, an AS context identifierof the wireless device, a resume identifier, and/or the like.

In an example, an anchor base station may broadcast a message (e.g. RANpaging message) to base stations of an RNA to reach to a wireless devicein an RRC inactive state, and/or the base stations receiving the messagefrom the anchor base station may broadcast and/or multicast anothermessage (e.g. paging message) to wireless devices in their coveragearea, cell coverage area, and/or beam coverage area associated with theRNA through an air interface.

In an example, when a wireless device in an RRC inactive state movesinto a new RNA, the wireless device may perform an RNA update (RNAU)procedure, which may comprise a random access procedure by the wirelessdevice and/or a UE context retrieve procedure. A UE context retrieve maycomprise: receiving, by a base station from a wireless device, a randomaccess preamble; and fetching, by a base station, a UE context of thewireless device from an old anchor base station. Fetching may comprise:sending a retrieve UE context request message comprising a resumeidentifier to the old anchor base station and receiving a retrieve UEcontext response message comprising the UE context of the wirelessdevice from the old anchor base station.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device in an RRC inactive state mayselect a cell to camp on based on at least a on measurement results forone or more cells, a cell where a wireless device may monitor an RNApaging message and/or a core network paging message from a base station.In an example, a wireless device in an RRC inactive state may select acell to perform a random access procedure to resume an RRC connectionand/or to transmit one or more packets to a base station (e.g. to anetwork). In an example, if a cell selected belongs to a different RNAfrom an RNA for a wireless device in an RRC inactive state, the wirelessdevice may initiate a random access procedure to perform an RNA updateprocedure. In an example, if a wireless device in an RRC inactive statehas one or more packets, in a buffer, to transmit to a network, thewireless device may initiate a random access procedure to transmit oneor more packets to a base station of a cell that the wireless deviceselects. A random access procedure may be performed with two messages(e.g. 2 stage random access) and/or four messages (e.g. 4 stage randomaccess) between the wireless device and the base station.

In an example embodiment, a base station receiving one or more uplinkpackets from a wireless device in an RRC inactive state may fetch a UEcontext of a wireless device by transmitting a retrieve UE contextrequest message for the wireless device to an anchor base station of thewireless device based on at least one of an AS context identifier, anRNA identifier, a base station identifier, a resume identifier, and/or acell identifier received from the wireless device. In response tofetching a UE context, a base station may transmit a path switch requestfor a wireless device to a core network entity (e.g. AMF, MME, and/orthe like). A core network entity may update a downlink tunnel endpointidentifier for one or more bearers established for the wireless devicebetween a user plane core network entity (e.g. UPF, S-GW, and/or thelike) and a RAN node (e.g. the base station), e.g. changing a downlinktunnel endpoint identifier from an address of the anchor base station toan address of the base station.

A gNB may communicate with a wireless device via a wireless networkemploying one or more new radio technologies. The one or more radiotechnologies may comprise at least one of: multiple technologies relatedto physical layer; multiple technologies related to medium accesscontrol layer; and/or multiple technologies related to radio resourcecontrol layer. Example embodiments of enhancing the one or more radiotechnologies may improve performance of a wireless network. Exampleembodiments may increase the system throughput, or data rate oftransmission. Example embodiments may reduce battery consumption of awireless device. Example embodiments may improve latency of datatransmission between a gNB and a wireless device. Example embodimentsmay improve network coverage of a wireless network. Example embodimentsmay improve transmission efficiency of a wireless network.

In existing technologies, for example, monitoring the DCI from a secondbase station during a measurement gap to a first base station, awireless device may not be able to efficiently support more than onesystems at a time (e.g., maintain an active connection to a first systemwhile monitoring a call request (e.g., paging) from a second system).For example, a wireless device may receive one or more configurations(e.g., paging opportunities, paging occasions) from the second systemwhich may not be fulfilled by the wireless device while keepingconsistent performance for the first system. For example, the pagingoccasions of the second base station may not be aligned with a UEmeasurement gap configuration to the first base station. The wirelessdevice may experience one or more paging occasions of the second basestation may fall in a same time/frequency resource that the first basestation may use or schedule one or more control/data. For example, thewireless device may need to select monitoring the one or more pagingoccasions, which may lead to performance degradation of the first basestation. For example, the wireless device may need to select monitoringthe one or more control/data via the first base station, which may leadto skipping/missing receiving/monitoring the one or more pagingoccasions of the second base station.

For example, a wireless device may be connected to a first system basedon UE transceiver. The wireless device may not have extra transceiver(s)for a second system to attempt a connection establishment with thesecond system, while keeping the connection to the first system. Forexample, the wireless device may not be configured with any gap, wherethe wireless device is allowed to skip monitoring control/data from thefirst base station, from the first system. In response to the lack ofgap configuration, the wireless device may need to continuously monitorthe first base station and thus the wireless device may not be able toperform DCI monitoring on the second system with a given limited UEcapability. The wireless device may not be able to dynamicallyreallocate its resources/capabilities across different systems as eachsystem/base station may allocate the resources based on(pre)-fixed/determined/indicated UE capabilities at a connection setup(e.g., radio resource control (RRC) setup process, RRC (re)establishmentprocess). There is a need to enhance resource/capabilities sharing of awireless device among one or more base stations of one or more systemssuch that the wireless device may effectively/dynamically allocate theresources/capabilities to different systems based on the needs.

In existing systems, a wireless device may establish a connection with afirst base station of a first system. The wireless device may alsomonitor a call request (e.g., a message to initiate an RRC setup or anRRC connection) such as a paging request form a second base station of asecond system based on its resource availability. In response to thecall request such as the paging message from the second base station ofthe second system, the wireless device may respond to the second basestation and may establish a connection to the second base station. Thewireless device may disconnect/release the connection to the first basestation in response to a successful connection setup between thewireless device and the second base station. The wireless device maystop one or more services associated with the first base station of thefirst system to establish an active connection with the second basestation of the second system. This will degrade the Quality of Servicesat the wireless device. For example, a wireless device may experience aservice interruption time between switching a service from the firstbase station of the first system to the second base station of thesecond system. For example, a wireless device may not get serviced onone or more services from the second system which were activelysupported by the first system. For example, a wireless device may havelower throughput from the second system with limited bandwidth and/ordata rate supported by the second system compared to the first system.For example, a wireless device may experience down-time for one or moreservices due to hand-over/switching latency across multiple systems.There is a need to enhance mechanisms to support advanced UEs (userequipment) with one or more transceivers and/or one or more SIMs.

In existing technologies, a wireless device may determine one or morefirst UE capabilities supported for a first system. The wireless devicemay determine one or more second UE capabilities for a second systembased on the one or more first UE capabilities. The wireless device mayindicate the one or more second UE capabilities to a second base stationof the second system during/after an RRC setup/connection with thesecond base station. The wireless device may maintain the one or moresecond UE capabilities for the second system regardless of whether thewireless device is connected to the first system or not. For example,when the wireless device is disconnected from the first system, thewireless device may have more capabilities supported for the secondsystem. Existing technologies, however, may require reestablishing anRRC connection to the second system to update new UE capabilities. Thismay lead to increase service interruption time and message overhead ofRRC reestablishment/setup procedure.

For example, a wireless device may occasionally change from a firstsystem to a third system while the wireless device is connected to asecond system. Depending on radio access technologies, frequencies,and/or services of each system, the wireless device may determine adifferent set of UE capabilitiesassigned/allocated/partitioned/determined for each system. For example,the wireless device may determine one or more first UE capabilities forthe first system and the wireless device may determine one or moresecond UE capabilities for the second system. The wireless device maydetermine one or more third UE capabilities for the third system, whichmay lead changes of UE capabilities for the second system, for example,one or more fourth UE capabilities. Changes of UE capabilities for asystem may require an RRC reestablishment/setup procedure based onexisting technologies. Enhancements to allow dynamic adaptation of UEcapabilities for a first system based on one or more second systemswithout going through an RRC setup/reestablishment procedure may benecessary.

In an example, a wireless device may have one or more radio transceivercapabilities. The wireless device may determine a resource partitioningand may dynamically reallocate resources across one or more radiosystems. To reflect the resource reallocation appropriately, thewireless device may update the resources/capabilities to one or morebase stations of the one or more radio systems such that the one or morebase stations accordingly utilize the indicated resources/capabilities.For example, a wireless device may use the one or more transceivers forone or more carriers activated from a first base station of a firstsystem when the wireless device may not receive any signal or may nottransmit any signal to a second base station of a second system. Forexample, the wireless device may have two transceivers where thewireless device may utilize at least one transceiver to receive aservice from Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) forVehicle-to-everything (V2X) services when the wireless device is on thecar. The wireless device may not be connected to an ITS system when thewireless device is not on the car. When the wireless device may not beassociated with a second system (e.g., ITS), the wireless device may beable to utilize all transceiver capabilities on the connection to thefirst base station of the first system. For example, the wireless devicemay be configured with more than one active carriers with the twotransceivers. For example, a wireless device may have a transceiverworking in around 6 GHz range. The wireless device may support V2X inITS spectrum (~5.9 GHz) and unlicensed spectrum (~5.2 GHz) with thetransceiver. With different services of V2X (e.g., driving in a highway)and unlicensed spectrum (e.g., walking in a hot-spot), the wireless mayoperate one system at a time with the transceiver. In an example, awireless device may determine a use of one or more radio transceivers tosupport one or more systems.

A base station of one system may not be able to communicate with anotherbase station of another system. Depending on active connections to oneor more systems, a wireless device may have different set of capabilityfor a system. For example, if a wireless device is connected to a firstand second system with two transceivers where one transceiver is usedfor one system respectively, the wireless device may not support acertain set of frequencies/bands/band combinations for the first system.In that case, the wireless device may inform to the first system, withkeeping an RRC connection to the first system, that the wireless devicemay be able to support one or more first set of band combinationswhereas the wireless device may not be able to support one or moresecond set of band combinations. The wireless device may support theunion of the first and second set of band combinations if all resourcesare allocated to the first system.

In an example, a wireless device may effectively adapt the resourcesdynamically for supporting one or more systems across one or more basestations, while keeping one or more RRC connection to the one or moresystems, without explicit coordination among the one or more basestations. The wireless device may transmit/provide assistanceinformation to one or more base stations so that each base station of asystem may adjust the resource configuration to the wireless deviceaccordingly. The wireless device may achieve the Quality of Servicesfrom one or more services by the one or more systems with wirelessdevice’s capabilities to a base station, wherein the wireless device isconnected to the base station. The base station may adapt resourceconfigurations to the wireless device based on the updated capabilitiesof the wireless device to reduce performance degradation at the wirelessdevice. the base station of a system may not have necessary knowledge todetermine an appropriate resource partitioning across multiple systems.The appropriate resource partitioning may depend on one or more systemsthat a wireless device may like to support, one or more radiotransceiver architecture and capabilities to determine how to shareradio transceivers, or timing advance values and/or synchronizationaspects from the one or more systems to determine whether one or moretransceivers/base band capabilities may be shared. Indication of neededknowledge of such information by a wireless device to a base station maylead considerable overhead.

The knowledge may be private to a wireless device and may not bedesirable to share with one or more base stations. The wireless devicemay determine the resource partitioning across one or more systems andinform the decision by indicating the allocated resources to each basestation of one or more systems, wherein the wireless device is connectedto and/or is monitoring control/data from the each base station of theone or more systems. The wireless device may effectively determine acandidate/good/recommended resource partitioning based on one or moreservices, one or more systems, and its capabilities. This may allow awireless device to get different services from different systems withoutdegrading the performance and without requiring a communication acrossdifferent systems. This may allow to reduce a service interruption timeof a system regardless whether the wireless device may support a singlesystem or a plurality of systems and/or regardless whether the wirelessdevice may change from a second system to a third system while thewireless device maintains an RRC connection to a first system.

In an example, a wireless device may support more than one SIM(subscriber identification module) card (e.g., two). A dual SIMUE/device (e.g., a wireless device with two SIM cards) may beinterpreted as a multi SIM UE/device (e.g., a wireless device with aplurality of SIM cards). A dual SIM UE and a multi SIM UE may be usedinterchangeably. Embodiments/examples shown in the specification may beapplied for a wireless device with dual SIM cards and/or more than twoSIM cards. Multi SIM devices may address example use cases: the user hasboth a personal and a business subscription and wishes to use them bothfrom the same device (e.g., this use case may become popular withbring-your-own-device (BYOD) initiatives); and/or a user has multiplepersonal subscriptions and chooses which one to use based on theselected service (e.g., use one individual subscription and one “familycircle” plan); and/or a user has one or more different servicessupported by one or more systems (e.g., a V2X service in ITS system anda voice service via a cellular system). In at least one of the exampleuse cases, SIMs may be from the same or from different mobile networkoperators (MNOs). Multi SIM devices may support a variety ofimplementations and/or behaviors (e.g., Dual SIM Single Standby, DualSIM Dual Standby, Dual SIM Dual Active, etc.).

In an example, a wireless device may support more than one systems(e.g., two) with a single SIM card. A single SIM device may address theexample use cases with a single SIM card for a UE. Regardless of thenumber of SIM cards that a wireless device may support, a multi-systemdevice may support more than one systems. Example systems may include a3GPP network (e.g., RAN and Core) based on a PLMN, a ITS system (e.g.,based on 3GPP V2X technology, based on DSRC technology), a Wi-Fi system(e.g., local area network based on IEEE 802.11), a Bluetooth system,and/or the like. A multi-system device may support a variety ofimplementation and/or behaviors such as a single system active only, asingle system active with a second system standby, more than one systemactive, and/or the like.

An implementation of a multi-system device may use one or more commonradio transceivers and/or baseband capabilities. The multi-systemwireless device may share the capabilities among the multiple SIMs ofthe device (if multiple SIMs are supported). The multi-system wirelessdevice may share the capabilities across one or more base stationsand/or one or more systems. In an example, a wireless device having twotransceivers may use a first transceiver to get a voice call from afirst PLMN of 3GPP system and may use a second transceiver to check forcommunications or signals from a second PLMN of 3GPP system (e.g., toread a paging channel, perform measurements, and/or read systeminformation) and/or communicate with the second PLMN of 3GPP system.

In an example, a wireless device may have an active connection to afirst system and the wireless device may monitor a potential call from asecond system based on a paging message. The second system may operate apaging mechanism based on Paging Occasions (POs). POs may be calculatedbased on a UE identifier (IMSI and/or 5G-S-TMSI for EPS and/or 5GS,respectively) and/or one or more configuration parameters indicated inone or more system information broadcast messages (e.g., SIBs). ThoughPOs may not occur very frequently, making one or more radio transceiversof a wireless device available for each PO of the second system may notbe easily possible if the one or more radio transceivers are used by thefirst system actively. This may lead missing of some POs which mayimpact the reliability of the paging message. A wireless device may needto perform necessary measurements on the first system and the secondsystem as the wireless device may keep moving. The wireless device maynot be able to perform measurement on the second system with limitedunused resources as a result that most resources are being used tosupport the first system. Effective sharing of the resources acrossdifferent systems based on solely UE implementation may havelimitations.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 16 and/or FIG. 17 , a UE (e.g., wirelessdevice, vehicle, communication device, handset, etc.) may use/employ afirst radio access technology (e.g., access technology1, 3GPP accessnetwork, eNB, gNB, base station, ITS system etc.) and/or a second radioaccess technology (e.g., access technology2, non-3GPP access network,WLAN, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, CDMA network, V2X system, etc.). A firstwireless system may comprise a first wireless network, a first publicland mobile network (PLMN), and/or a first radio access technology. Asecond wireless system may comprise a second wireless network, a secondpublic land mobile network (PLMN), and/or a second radio accesstechnology. A wireless device may be connected/registered to an accessnode (e.g., access point (AP), wireless access point (WAP), router, 3GPPaccess, non-3GPP access, ITS system, DSRC server, wireless accessnetwork (WAN), and/or the like). In an example, a first SIM (e.g., SIM1)may be a same as a second SIM (e.g., SIM2). For example, SIM1 and SIM2of a wireless device shown in FIG. 16 may be a single entity.

In an example, a first wireless network may comprise at least one of afirst PLMN, a first access technology (e.g., system, network), a firstcommunication system (e.g., V2X system, cellular-V2X system, intelligenttransportation system (ITS), IoT system, cellular communication system,etc.), a first 5th generation (5G) wireless network, a first long-termevolution (LTE) wireless network, a first universal mobiletelecommunications service (UMTS) wireless network, and/or the like. Inan example, a second wireless network may comprise at least one of: asecond PLMN, a second access technology (e.g., system, network), asecond communication system (e.g., V2X system, cellular-V2X system,intelligent transportation system (ITS), IoT system, cellularcommunication system, etc.), a second 5G wireless network, a second LTEwireless network, a second UMTS wireless network, and/or the like. In anexample, the first wireless network may comprise at least one of: thefirst radio access technology (e.g., 3GPP access network); and/or thesecond radio access technology (e.g., non-3GPP access network).

A wireless device may have one or more radio transceivers as shown inFIG. 18A-FIG. 18C. Example scenarios of sharing UE capabilities areillustrated in FIG. 18A-FIG. 18C. A wireless device may share one ormore transceivers (e.g., 1 RX and 1 TX) across a first system (e.g.,wireless network 1) and a second system (e.g., wireless network 2) asshown in FIG. 18A. If two systems are synchronized, a wireless devicemay perform resource partitioning based on frequency domain partitioningand/or time domain partitioning. The wireless device may performresource partitioning based on frequency domain partitioning and/or timedomain partitioning across more than one systems based on itscapabilities (e.g., double FFT processing capability associated with asingle RX to address asynchronous systems operating on the samefrequency ranges, multiple RX capabilities). To effectively enableresource sharing across more than one systems with one or more shared RXchains and/or TX chains without degrading performance of a system,loosely or tightly coupled coordination may be needed. The wirelessdevice or a first base station may determine a first gap pattern basedon a time duration needed for a second system at each period (e.g.,duration of each PO for the wireless device for the second system,measurement duration needed for one shot measurement for the secondsystem, data reception or transmission time in each period, and/or thelike) and necessary frequency retuning and/or RF switching latency tochange from a first frequency for the first system to a second frequencyfor the second system (and a similar latency to return to the firstfrequency after the operation). For example, ITS system and Wi-Fi systemmay use different center frequency where a wireless device needs Xsymbols/slots of switching latency to change a center frequencydepending on the system.

FIG. 18B illustrates an example of resource sharing of a radiotransmitter (e.g., TX) chain with a dedicated radio receiver (e.g., RX)chain per each system is shown, where a single transmitter (e.g., TX)chain may be shared across systems or dedicated to a system among thesystems. For example, the wireless device may transmit using a single TXto more than one system based on a time-domain division manner. Forexample, the wireless device may transmit using a single TX to more thanone system based on a frequency-domain division manner. For example, thewireless device may assign a dedicated RX chain for each system (e.g., afirst RX chain to a first wireless network and a second RX chain to asecond wireless network in FIG. 18B). With the dedicated RX chain forthe each system, a coordination across the systems may be limited to aresource sharing for the TX chain.

For example, when the wireless device may not support concurrenttransmission to the first and the second system, the wireless device maydrop one uplink signal of a system if two uplink signals (e.g., a firstuplink signal to the first network and a second uplink signal to thesecond network) are colliding at the same time resource. The wirelessdevice may select the first uplink signal or the second uplink signalbased on contents of the signal (e.g., if a uplink signal carries moreimportant payload such as HARQ-ACK feedbacks, the uplink signal isselected over the other) and/or based on a certain set of rules (e.g.,longer transmission is selected, a first system’s uplink signal isselected, a higher priority of a content carried in each uplink signalis selected). When the wireless device is able to transmit both uplinksignals at a given time with a limited power, the power for an uplinksignal may be determined based on a set of predefined rules, based onthe priority of the contents, based on the services, based on thesystems and/or the like. For example, a wireless device may inform tothe first network and/or the second network that one or more uplinksignals may be skipped in case of collisions.

The wireless device may determine a periodicity, a duration (and/or anoffset) for the first network where the wireless device may prioritizeon an uplink signal to the second network over an uplink signal to thefirst network. The wireless device may inform a similar information tothe second network. The wireless device may support more than one uplinkcarriers for a network using a single TX. The wireless may support lowernumber of carriers for the system using the single TX when the wirelessdevice shares the single TX across multiple systems. For example, thewireless device may support intra-band contiguous or non-contiguouscarrier aggregations in a first frequency for the first network bandusing a single TX. The wireless may support a single carrier on thefirst frequency band for the first system when the wireless deviceshares the TX between the first network and the second network. Similarexample may also apply to a single RX case. Examples are also applicablewhere a UE share one or more TX chains and/or RX chains across multiplesystems. A wireless device may support lower number of carriers in aband (for UL, DL or DL and UL) when the wireless device shares theresource across multiple systems compared to the case when the wirelessdevice dedicates the resource to a single system.

FIG. 18C shows that TX and RX chain capabilities may be dedicated to asystem/network. A wireless device may determine a first set of TX and RXchains dedicated to a first system (wireless network 1), and a secondset of TX and RX chains dedicated to a second system(wireless network2). For example, the wireless device may have a first transceiversupporting 2 GHz and a second transceiver supporting 5.9 GHz. Thewireless device may dedicate the first transceiver to support an LTE orNR system and may dedicate the second transceiver to support an ITSsystem (e.g., V2X system). For example, the wireless device may notutilize the second transceiver to activate an unlicensed spectrum around5.9 GHz in an LTE or NR system (e.g., a first system) regardless whetherthe wireless device is currently under being serviced by the secondsystem (e.g., ITS system, V2X system). For example, the wireless devicemay hard-split one or more resources across multiple systems. Forexample, the wireless device may change the hard-split resources for asystem via registration process (e.g., when a wireless device registerto a system core network) and re-registration process. A wireless devicemay request a registration message to AMF where AMF may initiatecapability re-negotiation between a base station and the wirelessdevice. When the wireless device reallocates the resources acrossmultiple systems, the wireless device may reinitiate registrationprocess for each system for the multiple systems respectively.

In an example, a wireless device may change a resource allocation to oneor more systems on-demand (e.g., dynamically without going throughre-registration/RRC reestablishment process). For example, as shown inFIG. 19 , a wireless device may allocate 2 RX chains and 1 TX chains toa first system (e.g., wireless network 1) at a time. The wireless devicemay change the allocation to 1 RX chain and 1 TX chain to the firstsystem (e.g., wireless network 1) and 1 RX chain to a second system(e.g., wireless network 2) at another time. The wireless device mayinform to the first system (e.g., wireless network 1, a first basestation, a first network) about a new resource allocation via aUE-assistance signaling such as via RRC signaling. For example, thewireless device may inform a first capability set to a first basestation for a first set of resource allocation (e.g., 2 RX chains and 1TX chain for the first system) at the time. The wireless device mayidentify the second system, for potentially monitoring a paging messagesafter the time.

The wireless device may determine to assign the second RX chain for themonitoring the paging message from the second system/network/basestation. The wireless device may determine a second capability set forthe first system/first base station based on the determining. Thewireless device may inform/update the second capability set (e.g., viaan RRC sending a list of supporting carriers/cells) for a second set ofresource allocation to the first base station. The second capability setmay be updated from the first capability set based on the wirelessdevice changes the resource allocation configuration across multiplesystems (e.g., 1 RX chain and 1 RX chain for the first system andallocate 1 RX chain for the second system). For example, the wirelessdevice may release one or more cells of the first system, wherein thewireless device may support the one or more cells based on the second RXchain, in response to assigning the second RX chain to the secondsystem. The wireless device may move away or switch a frequency formonitoring the paging message from the second system/network/basestation. The wireless device may update resource allocation such thatboth RX chains are allocated to the first system.

When the wireless device releases the resource/RX chain for the secondsystem, the wireless device may update to the first system about thechange. For example, the wireless device may transmit an indication ofinvalid of the second capability set. In response to the indication, thefirst base station may fallback to the first capability set. Forexample, the wireless device may transmit a third capability set (e.g.,band combinations supported based on two RX chains). In response to thethird capability set, the base station may update one or morecarriers/cells configured/activated to the wireless device. For example,the wireless device may transmit one or more messages indicating afallback to a single system to the first base station. In response tothe one or more messages, the base station may assume the firstcapability set of the wireless device becomes valid again as thewireless device may support only the single system at a given time.

In an example, the wireless device may transmit a first capability set(based on supporting a single system) and a second capability set (basedon supporting a plurality of systems) at an RRC setup/(re)establishmentto a first base station. The wireless device may inform to the firstbase station between the first capability set to be applied or thesecond capability set to be applied based on one or more RRCsignaling/messages. For example, the wireless device may inform a singlesystem is supported or a plurality of systems is supported at a time.Based on the indication, the first base station may update a capabilityset of the wireless device. For example, in FIG. 19 , the wirelessdevice may indicate/update the Capability #1 to the first base station(e.g., gNB1) when the wireless device releases the second 1 RX chainfrom the first system and uses it for the second system.

In an example, a wireless device may inform a first capability set to afirst base station in a connection setup procedure with the first basestation of a first system. The wireless device may respond the firstcapability set (e.g., via an RRC signaling, sending a list of bandand/or band combinations) to the first base station when the first basestation sends a capability inquiry request during/immediately after anRRC setup process/an RRC (re)establishment process/a registrationprocess. The wireless device may inform a second capability set to thefirst base station after the connection setup procedure whilemaintaining the RRC connection to the first base station via one or moreRRC messages. For example, the second capability set may be a subset ofthe first capability set or the same as the first capability set. Forexample, a second capability set may comprise a list of bandcombinations that the wireless device may support for the first systembased on reallocation of the resources.

In an example, a wireless device may support 2 RX chains and 1 TX chainwhere the wireless device may support band 1, band 2, and band 1 + band2 (2 DL - 1 UL), band1 + band1. The wireless device may support band 1using a first RX chain and 1 TX chain. The wireless device may supportband 2 using a second RX chain and 1 TX chain. The wireless device maysupport band1 + band 2 using the first RX and the second RX chain with 1TX chain. The wireless device may support band 1 + band 1 using thefirst RX and the 1 TX chain, and/or the like. In an example, a wirelessdevice may transmit a first set of band combinations to a first basestation of a first system for example via an RRC setup procedure orafter the RRC setup procedure. The first set of band combinations maycomprise band1 + band 2 and band1+band1, without an activecommunication/monitoring of a second system. The wireless device may bein a range of the second system. For example, the wireless device mayenter a hot-spot region and/or a metro area where Wi-Fi systems may beavailable or the second system becomes available. For example, thewireless device determines to assign the second RX chain for the secondsystem. Based on the determining to assign the second RX chain for thesecond system, the wireless device may determine that the second RXchain may not be available for the first system. Based on thedetermination, the wireless device may update a second set of bandcombinations for the first base station/the first system.

Based on the update, the wireless device mayinform/update/transmit/indicate a new set of band combination forexample band 1 and band 1 + band 1 to the first system. The wirelessdevice may transmit one or more RRC messages, with keeping RRC CONNECTEDstate, comprising the new set of band combinations to a first baesstation of the first system, wherein the wireless device may beconnected to the first base station. The wireless device may temporarilydisable use of the second RX chain for the first system. The wirelessdevice may inform/indicate/transmit a starting time, a duration (or aperiodicity and a duration) when the new updated capabilities becomeeffective. The wireless device may transmit the information (e.g., thestarting time, the periodicity and the duration) via one or more secondRRC messages. After the duration, the wireless device may release theuse of second RX chain from the second system and may start using thesecond RX chain for the first system.

For example, the first base station may assume that the second set ofband combinations may be valid during the indicated duration. After theduration, the first base station may assume that the first set of bandcombinations may be effective/valid. After the duration, the first basestation may assume that the first capabilities are valid, and it mayignore the second capabilities. In an example, a second of capabilitiesmay include a list of band combinations that the wireless device may notsupport. In the example, the wireless device may indicate band 2 andband 1 + band 2 in the second set of capabilities. The first system mayinterpret the second capabilities as the temporarily disabled bandcombinations. The first system or the first base station mayde-configure and/or deactivate one or more cells corresponding to thesecond capability set. For example, if the wireless device has beenconfigured/activated with CC1 from band 1 and CC2 from band 2, the firstsystem may deactivate CC2 and deconfigure CC2 (e.g., releaseconfiguration parameters of CC2) from the wireless device. In anexample, a wireless device may deactivate and/or release one or morecarriers/cells corresponding to the second capability set in response toinforming the first base station on the second capability set. In anexample, the first base station may deactivate or de-configure one ormore carriers/cells not corresponding to the second capability set ifthe second capability set indicates the supported set of bandcombinations. In an example, the wireless device may deactivate orde-configure (e.g., UE autonomously without receiving a command from thefirst base station) one or more carriers/cells not corresponding to thesecond capability set if the second capability set indicates thesupported set of band combinations

In an example, the wireless device may send/transmit/indicate, via oneor more RRC messages, the second capability set which comprise either alist of carriers/cells supported by the wireless device. In an example,the wireless device may transmit/send/indicate, via one or more RRCmessages, a list of carriers/cells temporarily not supported by thewireless device. In the example, the wireless device mayinform/transmit/send, via one or more RRC messages, a list ofcarriers/cells that the wireless device may recommend not to activate orconfigure to the wireless device from a first base station of a firstsystem at least temporarily or until when the wireless device indicatesotherwise. The wireless device may inform a list of carriers or a listof frequency layers where the wireless device may not be configured withan active PCell, PSCell or SCell for a first system.

In an example, a wireless device may inform the second capability setcomprising a list of carriers or a list of frequency layers, wherein acarrier/frequency layer of the list of carriers or the list of frequencylayers may not comprise a PCell, SPCell and/or SCell configured for thefirst system including both active cell(s) and deactive cell(s). Thewireless device may not degrade performance of the first system byindicating the second capability set comprising any serving cellfrequency of the first base station/network/system. In an example, awireless device may inform a list of measurement objects or a list offrequency layers that the wireless device may not be able to performmeasurements for a system based on supporting the second system. Forexample, the wireless device may indicate to the first base station thatthe wireless device is required to be configured with a measurement gapas one or more remained/available RX chain(s) are reallocated to supportthe second system. For example, the wireless device may indicate to thefirst base station that one or more carrier frequencies may not beavailable for the radio resource monitoring (RRM) measurements. Thewireless device may inform a first list of measurement objects or afirst list of frequency layers that the wireless device is not able toperform measurements due to resource reallocation between the firstsystem and the second system. The wireless device may inform a secondlist of measurement objects or a second list of frequency layers thatthe wireless device is not able to perform measurements without ameasurement gap configuration due to resource reallocation between thefirst system and the second system.

In an example, as shown in FIG. 20 , a wireless device receives one ormore RRC messages configuration of CC1 and CC2 from base station 1. Thewireless device may be equipped with a first RF (RF1) and a second RF(RF2), wherein RF may indicate a transceiver or a receiver. The wirelessdevice may allocate the available transceiver resources to base station1 to support CC1 and CC2 at a time. At the time, the wireless device maysupport only a first system with base station 1 and allocate allavailable resources towards the first system. The wireless device maydiscover a presence of a second system (e.g., wireless network 2) atanother time, and may decide to listen on one or more paging messagesfrom the second system. The wireless device may determine to allocate asecond transceiver (e.g., RF2) to the second system to monitor the oneor more paging messages. The wireless device may determine based on thepaging occasion configurations of the second system, the requiredmeasurements on the second system, the measurement gap configuration ofthe first system, the time to switch between one or more frequencies ofthe first system and one or more frequencies of the second system, theimportance of one or more services that the second system may provide,one or more services that the first system is providing, and/or thelike.

In response to adapted resource allocation, the wireless device informsbase station 1 about the new allocation. In response to the updatedinformation from the wireless device, base station 1 may deactivate CC2and/or may also de-configure CC2 to avoid measurements on the CC2 as aserving cell. The wireless device may return the second transceiver(e.g., RF2) from f3 to f2 (e.g., from CC2 to a center frequency of asecond system paging carrier/cell). In an example, a wireless device mayinform a second list of band combinations to recommend ‘deprioritizing’on the second list of band combination. For example, the wireless mayindicate supporting of ‘band 1’, ‘band 2’, ‘band 1 + band 1’, and ‘band1 + band 2’ for downlink carrier aggregation. The wireless device mayinform ‘band 2’, and ‘band 1 + band 2’ as the second list of bandcombination where the wireless device recommends not toconfigure/activate a carrier aggregation combination corresponding to‘band 2’ or ‘band 1 + band 2’.

For example, a configuration of a primary cell of band 2 configurationor a configuration of a primary cell of band 1 and one or more secondarycells of band 2 may not be recommended by the wireless device. Thenetwork/base station may still configure or activate a carrieraggregation combination corresponding to one or more of the second listof band combination. The wireless device may skip receiving one or moredownlink control information and/or downlink data if the configuredand/or activated carrier combination(s) are corresponding to the secondlist of band combinations. For example, the wireless device may skipmonitoring a DCI or receiving PDSCH on a SCell if the SCell isconfigured/activated from band 2. A wireless device may reject an‘activation’ command from a first base station in response to a messagefrom the wireless device to the first base station on the second list ofband combination, and the activation command may request activation ofone or more SCells corresponding to the second list of bandcombinations.

In an example, a wireless device may not be allowed to send a band wherethe wireless device is configured with PCell as one of the second listof band combinations to the first system/first base station/basestation 1. The wireless device may not be allowed to comprise the bandof PCell in the second list of band combinations, wherein the secondlist of band combinations may indicate one or more frequencybands/layers to be deactivated/deconfigured from the first system. Forexample, if the wireless device is configured with PCell from band 2,the wireless device may not inform to the first base station todeprioritize or remove band 2 from the supported band combination. In anexample, a wireless device may not update its resource allocation acrossdifferent systems if the resource update may impact the operation ofPCell and/or PSCell and/or PUCCH-SCell. The wireless device may rejectany service to the second system in such cases. FIG. 20 illustrates anexample of monitoring a paging message from the second system. In FIG.20 , if the paging of the second system may require RF1, the wirelessdevice may reject the second system or may request/camp on differentfrequency of the second system such that the wireless device is able tomaintain the primary cell of the first system/first base station. Asimilar mechanism may be applied to different example such as aconnection establishment to the second system while maintaining theconnection to the first system, a vehicle-to-vehicle communication inthe second system while maintaining a cellular service in the firstsystem, a DSRC service in the second system with a V2X service in thefirst system, and/or the like.

In terms of sharing uplink resource(s) (e.g., TX chains), a similarmechanism may be applied. A wireless device may update a list of bandcombination depending on the uplink resource adaptation, may inform oneor more uplink carriers to be deactivated/deconfigured, may recommendone or more band combinations to deprioritize, may inform a needed gap(and/or a gap pattern) in the uplink transmission in one or morefrequencies (or a set of gap patterns where one pattern may beassociated with one or more frequencies), may inform the sharing status,and/or the like. A base station may not deactivate uplink carrier/cellin response to receiving the resource allocation change. The basestation may not schedule any uplink traffic on the indicatedcarriers/cells in response to receiving the resource allocation change.The wireless device may ignore any uplink grant and/or configured grantresources and/or PRACH resources and/or SR resources and/or SRStransmissions on one or more UL carriers corresponding to the indicatedcarriers/cells.

In sharing one or more TX chains/transceivers among multiple systems, awireless device may have different capabilities depending on theavailable TX chains for a first system such as supporting of multipleTAGs (and the number of TAGs supported), simultaneoustransmission/reception capabilities and/or the like. The wireless devicemay inform a second list of band combinations, and one or more changedcapabilities applicable to the currently supported band combinations.For example, for a first band combination, a wireless device may supportsimultaneous transmission/reception at a time, and may not supportsimultaneous transmission/reception at another time. The wireless devicemay send ‘disabled’ simultaneous transmission/reception of the firstband combination if the first band combination is still supported by thewireless device in response to a resource allocation adaptation.

In an example, a wireless device may not be allowed to update a resourceallocation on one or more TX chain transceivers via a change of a listof supported band combinations. The wireless device may inform a set ofcarriers/frequencies/cells to a first system for an uplink transmissionwhich are impacted by the resource allocation update. For example, if awireless device may have two TX chains to support two active UL carriersin a first system, the wireless device may inform to the first systemthat an SCell UL may be interrupted to support other system(s). Thewireless device may inform a gap pattern for a UL cell/carrier where theimpact may occur. The wireless device may also consider any necessaryswitching latency in determining the gap pattern. The wireless devicemay drop any uplink signaling scheduled/configured to the requested gap.The wireless device may update capabilities in terms of a supported listof band combinations limited to a band combination of downlink (based onone or more RX chains).

FIG. 21 illustrates an example of capability update in response toresource allocation update across multiple systems. A wireless deviceindicates a firs UE capability (e.g., UE capability #1), to the basestation 1 at a RRC configuration/setup/(re)establishment process Thefirst UE capability may indicate that the wireless device supports aband combination of ‘band 1’, ‘band 2’, ‘band 1 + band 2’ and ‘band 1 +band 1’. The wireless device receives one or more RRC configurationconfiguring CC1 (PCell) with a center frequency of f1, and CC2 (SCell)with a center frequency of f3 from the base station 1. The wirelessdevice detects base station 2 (e.g., a second system) and decides thatthe wireless device may monitor or camp-on for base station 2. Based onthe RF resources, the wireless device decides that it uses a RF2 (e.g.,second transceiver, second RF) to camp-on for base station 2 with acenter frequency of f3. Based on RF2 being used for the second system,the wireless device updates its capability (e.g., UE capability #2) forthe base station 1 to indicate for example supporting ‘band 1’ and ‘band1 + band 1’. The wireless device may indicate that ‘band 2’ and ‘band1 + band 2’ combinations may not be supported or suggested to bedeprioritized for the base station 1. The wireless device may startmonitoring on a paging on frequency f2 from base station 2 (e.g., asecond system) in response to the resource adaptation across multiplesystems.

The wireless device may receive a de-configuration RRC message on CC2from base station 1 in response to updating UE Capability #2. A wirelessdevice may deactivate CC2 after sending the capability update withoutexplicit indication from the first network. The wireless device maymonitor a paging from base station 2 using the second RF. With amobility and/or condition change, the wireless device determines that abest cell for base station 2 or the second system is changed from afrequency f2 to f4 where the wireless device may operate f4 using afirst RF instead of the second RF. The first RF may be allocated thePCell (CC1) by the base station 1. The wireless device may decide toswitch to f4 from f2 for base station 2 and update its capabilityaccordingly. The wireless device may determine to utilize the first RFoperating f1 to switch to f4. The wireless device may update itscapability supporting ‘band 2’ only (e.g., UE capability #3), whereinthe wireless device may not support the band of the PCell any longer forthe base station 1. The first base station (e.g., base station 1) mayinitiate intra-cell hand-over for the wireless device in response to UEcapability #3 as PCell frequency may not be available to the wirelessdevice.

The wireless device, based on an example of FIG. 21 , may not be allowedto indicate UE capability #3 as f1 is used for PCell (e.g., CC1) for thefirst base station or the first system. The wireless device may notindicate to disable or no support of a band combination of a band wherePCell, PSCell or PUCCH SCell is configured. For example, when thewireless device is configured with a PCell of frequency f1 in band 1,the wireless device may not be allowed to indicate that the wirelessdevice does not support band 1 as a band combination. When the wirelessdevice may not support band 1, the wireless device may need to bereconfigured to change a primary cell, which may lead to a large serviceinterruption time for the wireless device. The wireless device, in FIG.21 , may not be able to switch a camp-on frequency from f3 to f4 in basestation 2 as f4 may require disabling of PCell band in the first system.Alternatively, the wireless device may perform ‘intra-cell’ hand-over toswitch a PCell frequency (e.g., from f1 to f3) before updating itscapability to disable f1 band (e.g., band 1) to switch camp-on frequencyin the second system. A similar procedure is applied to a case of PSCellor PUCCH SCell.

In an example, a wireless device may send a set of UE capabilityinformation to a base station in response to a command from the basestation to the wireless device indicating UE capability enquiry. Thewireless device may send a set of UE capabilities comprising physicallayer parameters, duplexing related parameters, RF related parameters.RF parameters may comprise a list of supportedBand, a list ofsupportedBandCombination, a list of appliedFrequencyBandListFilter,and/or srs-SwitchingimeRequestedId. In an example, a list ofsupportedBand is referred as a list of supportedBandCombination or as alist of band combinations where a band combination has a single bandentry. In an example, a list of supportedBandCombination is referred asa list of band combination. In an example, a band combination maycomprise a single band, a pair of a single band (e.g., {band1, band1}implying a intra-band combination), one or more combinations of a singleband (e.g., more than two carriers in a single band), a combination ofone or more bands where a combination may include more than one entry ofa band. The wireless device may respond a message comprising a first setof band combinations in response to the command indicating UE capabilityenquiry. In an example, the wireless device may send a list of bandcombination supported for a specific radio access technology (e.g., NR,LTE) and/or a combination of one or more radio access technologies(e.g., EN-DC with LTE master cell group, NE-DC with NR master cellgroup).

In an example, a list of band combination may comprise a list of one ormore band combination. A band combination may comprise one, two, three,...., up to maximumPairs (e.g., 32) of bands where each band compriseone or more parameters related to the band. A band combination maycomprise one or more of the followings: a band list (1... maximumPairs)of bands, featureSetCombination, ca-Parameter-LTE, ca-ParameterNR,mrdc-Parameters, supportedBandwidthCombinationSet, or powerClass. In anexample, featureSetCombination may comprise one or more of feature setfor a band, where a feature set for a band may comprise downlink relatedfeatures and/or uplink related features. Features may comprise maximumTBS, monitoring capabilities, numerologies, etc.

In an example, a wireless device may send a second list of bandcombination or a set of second capabilities (e.g., a second set ofsupportedBand, a second set of supportedBandCombination). In theexample, a wireless device may send the second list of UE capabilitywithout receiving a command from a base station on the capabilityinquiry.

In an example, a wireless device may send a list of a secondFreqBandList (e.g., FreqBandInformationEURA, FreqBandInformationNR)instead of sending a second UE capability or a second set of supportedband combinations. In an example FreqBandList may include a list ofFrequenyBandInformation, where FrequencyBandInformation is eitherFrequencyBandInformation for EUTRA or FrequencyBandInformation for NR. Aeach FrequencyBandInformation may comprise a bandIndicator (e.g., bandindex or band information), maxBandwidth for downlink, maxBandwidth forUL, maxCarrier for DL, or maxCarrier for UL. In the example,FreqBandList may be used by a base station to indicate a list offrequency band of interests. In an example, a wireless device mayutilize the same format/information element to send an update in afrequency band. For example, a wireless device may indicate a reducedmaxBandwidth for downlink for one or more frequency bands (e.g., from100 MHz to 0 MHz to indicate no support on that band).

In an example, a wireless device may send a second list of supportedBandwhere a supportedBand includes a band index or bandIndicator or a bandinformation to inform the change of resource allocation. For example, awireless device may send a list of bands that the wireless device maysupport based on the current resource allocation. In response to achange of resource allocation, the wireless device may inform one ormore bands are not supported or the updated list of supported bands. Inreceiving an updated band list, a first base station may assume that oneor band combinations including one or more bands not supported by the UEare not supported any more.

In an example, a wireless device may inform (e.g., send one or more RRCmessages) to a first base station a list of impacted bands after thewireless device may reallocate one or more radio transceivers to asecond system. The first base station may request updates on thecapability including the list of impacted bands to update the list ofcapabilities. FIG. 22 illustrates an example. The wireless device mayindicate a first UE capability (UE capability #1) at RRC connectionsetup procedure of supported band of band 1 and band 2, and a supportedband combination of band 1 and band 2 to the base station 1. Thewireless device may send the related UE capabilities related to thesupported band and band combination lists. Based on the configuration, afirst base station (the base station 1) may configure a CC1 (in band 1)and a CC2 (in band 2). The wireless device may detect a presence of abase station 2 based on some measurements, and decide to camp-on thebase station 2 (e.g., the second system) where the camp-on frequency forthe base station 2 is f2 using the second RF (e.g., RF2). Withallocating RF2 to the second system, the wireless device may not be ableto support band 2 for the base station 1 any longer. The wireless devicemay inform the impacted band list (e.g., band 2) to the base station 1after determining a new resource partitioning across multiple systems.

The first base station may send an inquiry on UE capability includingband 2 information. The first base station may not send an inquiry ifthe base station may not have a plan to operate on the impact bands. Inresponse to the inquiry, the wireless device may resend an updatedcapability list (e.g., Capability #2) or a subset of UE capabilities(e.g., a supported featureSet or frequency list, and/or the like). Thefirst base station may deconfigure or deactivate CC2 corresponding tothe one or more impacted bands as the performance may not be guaranteed.For example, the first base station may send a deactivation message viaMAC CEs and/or DCIs and may send a deconfiguration message via an RRCsor MAC CEs and/or DCIs. In responding to the UE capability inquiry otherthan in RRC connection setup procedure, a wireless device may send oneor more gap patterns that the wireless device is needed for a band or aband combination to support other systems in the band or bandcombination.

For example, a wireless device may send information about ‘start time’,‘duration’ of unavailable time of its resources in one or more bands orone or more band combinations which are impacted from the resourcereallocation across multiple systems. In an example, a wireless devicemay send an indication to request ‘capability update’. The wirelessdevice may indicate ‘update capability’ (e.g., a single bit trigger, atrigger embedded with PHR, a trigger embedded with an RRC message, a MACCE, etc.) without including detailed information. The base station 1 maysend a capability inquiry message in response to the trigger. Thewireless device may send a list of impacted bands/frequencies where eachband/frequency may indicate at least one of: not support as a PCell orPSCell, not support as an active SCell, not support for a cellconfiguration, or not support for a measurement. ‘Not support as a PCellor PSCell’ may indicate that the wireless device may not accept handoveror SCG configuration on the band or frequency. ‘Not support as an activeSCell’ may indicate that the wireless device may not support one or moreactive SCells in the band or the frequency. ‘Not support for a cellconfiguration’ may refer that the wireless device may not support one ormore cells are configured in the band or the frequency. ‘Not support fora measurement’ may refer that the wireless device may not support an RRMmeasurement or other measurement(s) in the band or the frequency.

In an example, a wireless device may receive a hand-over request whichmay require reallocation of its resources. The wireless device mayreject the hand-over request (e.g., via one or more RRC messagescomprising a rejection command and one or more rejection causes) in casethe reallocation of the resources may lead one or more disconnections orloosing monitoring capabilities across multiple systems. FIG. 23illustrates an example. For example, a wireless device may have RF1, RF2and RF3 for RX chains. For example, RF1 is under use for the basestation 1 for a first cell (CC1), and RF2 is under use for the basestation 2 for monitoring paging, and RF3 are available for themeasurement supporting both the first and second system. The wirelessdevice may perform a measurement for the base station 1 utilizing RF1and/or RF2. The wireless device may receive a hand-over command toswitch to a frequency of f2 where the wireless device may support f2based on the second RF (e.g., RF2) where RF2 is under use for the secondsystem. The wireless device may reject the hand-over command in responseto the need of RF2 on the first system as RF2 is being used for thesecond system. Alternatively, the wireless device may switch a frequencyfor the base station 2 (e.g., a second system) for camping-on such thatthe wireless device may release the use of RF2 from the second system.In response to a successful switching of a switching at the secondsystem and releasing the second RF (e.g., RF2) from the base station 2,the wireless device may accept the hand-over command and performhand-over procedure.

In an example, the wireless device may keep the monitoring on gNB2regardless of hand-over procedure in the first system. If the wirelessdevice may change the camp-on frequency on gNB2, hand-over operation inthe first system may be performed. If the wireless device may keep onthe camp-on frequency or servicing frequency at the second system, thewireless device may reject the hand-over command. In response torejecting a hand-over, a wireless device may respond (e.g., via such asRRC messages) with a reason of the rejection and/or one or morealternative frequencies for the hand-over. For example, a reason for therejection of a hand-over command may include ‘RF being occupied’, ‘aband combination is not supported’, ‘suggest a better frequency’, ‘notpreferred’, and/or the like. Depending on the reason of a rejection,corresponding recommendation may follow. For example, if ‘a bandcombination is not supported’ is indicated as a reason for therejection, a list of supported band combinations may be indicated aswell so that the first base station may be able to send anotherhand-over command from the supported band combinations.

In an example, when a wireless device receives a hand-over command for afirst system which may require the wireless device to use one or more ofRF transceivers allocated to a second system, the wireless device mayrespond ‘acceptance’ with a comment. Example comments may include ‘oneor more RF being shared’, ‘performance degradation is expected’,‘suggest handover to different frequency’, and/or the like. The wirelessdevice may support the first system and the second system simultaneouslywhere potential performance degradation at both systems or at the firstsystem may be expected. As the wireless device needs to performhand-over operation to maintain the connectivity, the wireless devicemay accept the hand-over command. The wireless device may recommendswitching to different frequency to minimize performance degradation onthe first system due to resource sharing across the first and the secondsystems. For example, a base station may configure a RRM reportingcondition, wherein the condition may comprise a case where a performanceof a primary serving frequency and/or a serving cell frequency may bedegraded due to a resource sharing between a first system and a secondsystem. The wireless device may trigger the RRM reporting in response toone or more RFs shared between the first system and the second system.The wireless device may also inform/report one or more frequencylayers/serving cells that will be impacted by the multi-system. Thewireless device may transmit one or more candidate frequencylayers/cells to be switched for the impacted frequency layers/servingcells.

In an example, a wireless device may allocate one or more radio resourceacross multiple systems. The wireless device may not advertise or informthe resource allocation to one or more systems. The wireless device mayreceive one or more RRC messages from a first system (e.g., basestation 1) comprising one or more SCell (secondary cell) configurationwhich may require reallocation of the resources or may require releaseof one or more radio resources allocated to a second system. Thewireless device may reject a configuration of the one or more SCells(e.g., via an RRC messages comprising a rejection on one or more SCellswith the list of cell IDs/indices for the one or more SCells) in casethe wireless device may need to adjust resource allocations or may needto impact on the services in the second system or may need to releaseone or more radio resources allocated to the second system. FIG. 24shows an example diagram of this case. A wireless device may have threeRFs where a first RF is allocated to the base station 1 (e.g., a firstsystem), a second RF is allocated to the base station 2 (e.g., a secondsystem), and a third RF is allocated for the measurements or beingavailable.

Based on the RRM measurement reports, conditions and UE traffic, thefirst system (e.g., the base station 1) may determine to add a SCell andconfigure the wireless device with additional SCell. The wireless devicemay determine whether SCell may be supported by keeping the currentresource allocation (e.g., utilizing RF3 or sharing RF1). If thewireless device may need to utilize RF2 which is allocated to the secondsystem, the wireless device may reject the configuration of SCell. Thewireless device may switch a camp-on frequency or serving frequency inthe base station 2 to accommodate SCell addition. For example, thewireless device may switch to a camp-on frequency utilizing RF3 in thebase station 2 (e.g., the second system) so that the wireless device mayaccept SCell configuration. As SCell configuration is done withdeactivated state, the wireless device may accept the configuration ofan SCell. The wireless device may reject in response to an activationcommand of one or more SCells which may require resource reallocationacross the multiple systems. Similar to a hand-over command, a wirelessdevice may respond with a reason of rejection or with a recommendationin case of the rejection message.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messagescomprising one or more measurement reporting trigger events (e.g., ameasurement report triggering in case a neighbor cell quality becomesbetter than that of the serving cell by an offset) where the wirelessdevice may report one or more radio resource management (RRM) reports inresponse to the events. A wireless device may receive RRC configurationsto report periodically RRM reports. The wireless device may skipreporting of RRM results in spite of the event triggering or periodictriggering depending on one or more of the followings. The wirelessdevice may need to reallocate radio resources across multiple systems ifthe first base station may trigger a hand-over request based on the RRMreport. For example, if the wireless device reports an RRM result wherea frequency f2 performs better than the current serving cell or PCellwhere the wireless device may need to release the second RF (e.g., RF2)allocated to the second system, the wireless device may not report theRRM result, as the hand-over command may not be accepted by the wirelessdevice.

For example, a wireless device may not report RRM results on one or morefrequencies which may require release of radio resources from the secondsystems. The wireless device may skip fist RRM reporting on such casesin response to the first RRM reporting is configured with periodicreporting. The wireless device may report second RRM reporting whereinthe second RRM reporting are configured with aperiodic RRM. The wirelessdevice may report RRM results regardless of resource allocation statusand may indicate ‘potential poor quality’ on one or more frequencieswhich may be impacted due to the second system. For example, thewireless device may inform the first base station that f2 may not be agood quality as RF2 is being used for the second system. In an example,a wireless device may perform one or more measurements configured from afirst base station and may report RRM results based on the configurationof events and/or reporting configuration.

The wireless device may inform ‘being used by another system’ in one ormore RRM results for one or more frequencies or measurement objects orcells or bands to indicate that the wireless device may need to shareone or more resources across multiple systems if one or more cellsconfigured/activated from the indicated one or more frequencies ormeasurement objects or cells or bands. The wireless device may apply athreshold or an offset value in RRM measurement for the one or morefrequencies or measurement objects or cells or bands such that the RRMmeasurement result may be penalized. For example, for the one or morefrequencies or measurement objects or cells or bands, the wirelessdevice may measure a RSRP or a RSRQ which will be recomputed as theRSRP - the offset or the RSRQ - the offset. A separate offset for RSRPand RSRQ may be configured by a first base station. The first basestation may indicate a penalty amount for a frequency/band/carrier incase the wireless device may need to share the resources with othersystems. In an example, a wireless device may report ‘out of range’value for the one or more frequencies or measurement objects or cells orbands.

In an example, a wireless device may skip RRM measurements on one ormore frequencies for a first system which may require one or more radiotransceivers allocated to a second system. The wireless device may treatthe one or more radio transceivers allocated to the second system as ifthose are not available at all for the first system. A first basestation of the first system may reconfigure one or more measurementobjects to exclude the one or more frequencies in response to receivingan updated capability from the wireless device on the supported bandcombinations. The first system may not configure a measurement object ona frequency which is not belonging to the one or more band combinationssupported by the wireless device at a given time. The wireless devicemay assume automatic deconfiguration of one or more measurement objectsincluding the one or more frequencies after sending the updatedcapability. The wireless device may skip RRM measurement on the one ormore frequencies after determining that the wireless device may not beable to measure the one or more frequencies without impacting on thesecond system. The wireless device may inform a list of measurementobjects that the wireless device may skip measurements. The wirelessdevice may indicate ‘out of range’ value for the RRM report for thefrequency which is not belonging to the one or more band combinationssupported by the wireless device at a given time.

FIG. 25 illustrates a flow diagram. A wireless device may have three RFswhich are allocated to the base station 1, the base station 2 and themeasurement or additional use. A wireless device may skip performing anRRM measurement on one or more frequencies where the wireless device mayneed to use the second RF (e.g., RF2) for the base station 1. Thewireless device may discover that a frequency of f4 which may use thethird RF (e.g., RF3) which may allow the release of RF2 from the basestation 2. The wireless device may resume RRM measurement on the one ormore frequencies using RF2. The wireless device may stop RRM measurementon the second set of frequencies based on RF3 for the base station 1 asthe RF3 is being allocated to the base station 2.

In an example, a wireless device may determine one or more firstbands/frequencies having higher priority over one or more secondbands/frequencies in cell selection and/or cell reselection process. Thewireless device may determine the one or more first bands/frequenciesthat the wireless device may be able to support without sharing radioresources with another system or network or base station when thewireless device camps-on on a frequency from the one or more firstbands/frequencies for the second system. The wireless device maydetermine the one or more second bands/frequencies that the wirelessdevice may need to share one or more radio transceivers across multiplesystems if the wireless device may camp-on on a frequency from the oneor more second bands/frequencies for the second system. For example,based on an example of FIG. 26 , in attempting selection or reselectionin a second system (e.g., the base station 2) for paging monitoring orcamp-on operation, a wireless device may deprioritize one or morefrequencies/bands where the wireless device may share one or more radiotransceivers (e.g., RF1) as the one or more radio transceivers are beingused for a first system or the first network or first base station. Asshown in FIG. 26 , the wireless device may camp-on a frequency where thewireless device may operate using the available radio transceiver (e.g.,RF2).

In an example, a wireless device may consider a cell of a second systemis not suitable in cell selection process if the cell of the secondsystem may require one or more radio resources (e.g., radiotransceivers) which are currently being used for a first system. Awireless device may not camp-on the second system if there is nosuitable cell based on the procedure. A wireless device may camp-on thecell if there is no other cell suitable. A wireless device may skipmeasurements on the one or more second bands/frequencies in cellselection process. A wireless device may perform cell selection byleveraging stored information: the wireless device may utilize storedinformation of frequencies and cell parameters from previously receivedmeasurement control information elements or from previously detectedcells. In performing measurements based on the stored information, thewireless device may skip measurement on the one or more secondfrequencies for the second system. In response to finding a suitablecell, the wireless device may camp-on the suitable cell. In response tonot finding a suitable cell, the initial cell selection procedure may beperformed.

In an initial cell selection process for the second system, a wirelessdevice may scan all RF channels in the supported bands excluding the oneor more second bands/frequencies for the second system based on itscapabilities. In the measured frequency, the wireless device mayidentify the strongest cell. The wireless device may camp-on on astrongest cell of a frequency if the strong cell is a suitable cell. Thewireless device may perform measurements on the one or more secondbands/frequencies when there is no suitable cell identified.

In an example in cell selection procedure for the second system, awireless device may assume Qoffset,temp is configured with a large value(e.g., 10 dB) in cell selection process. The wireless decide may performmeasurements on the one or more second bands/frequencies, and may assumethat Qoffset,temp is set as the large value so that the cell from theone or more second bands/frequencies may be deprioritized. The wirelessdevice may assume to apply Qoffset,temp to a frequency from the one ormore second bands/frequencies.

In an example in cell selection procedure for the second system, awireless device may add additional offset (e.g., Qoffset,deprioritized)in determining Srxlev and/or Squal (cell selection RX level value and/orcell selection quality value respectively) for a frequency from the oneor more second bands/frequencies. The additional offset may be a largevalue (e.g., 10 dB) to deprioritize the one or more secondbands/frequencies. In determining Srxlev for the frequency, the wirelessdevice may compute Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas-(Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) -Pcompensation -Qoffset,temp - Qoffset,deprioritized where Qrxlevmeas mayrefer measured cell RX level value such as RSRP, Qrxlevmin may referminimum required RX level in the cell, Qrxlevlminoffset may refer anoffset, Pcompensation may refer necessary compensation for Pmax, andPoffset,temp may refer an offset temporarily applied. In determiningSqual, a wireless device may compute Qqualmeas - (Qqualmin +Qqualminoffset) - Ooffset,temp. Qqualmeas may refer measured cellquality value such as RSRQ, Qqualmin may refer minimum required qualitylevel in the cell, Qqualminoffset may refer an offset.

A wireless device may deprioritize the one or more secondbands/frequencies in cell reselection procedure for the second system.In cell reselection procedure, a wireless device may assume that the oneor more second bands/frequencies are listed as black listed cells. Thewireless device may not consider any black listed cells as candidatecell reselection.

In an example, a wireless device may assume that a frequency/a cellcorresponding to the one or more second bands/frequencies with lowestreselection priority regardless of UE-dedicated signaling or SIBindication on the reselection priority information on thefrequency/cell. The frequency/the cell corresponding to the one or moresecond bands/frequencies are considered as deprioritized frequency/cellin cell reselection for the second system. A wireless device mayconsider a low (e.g., lowest) priority for a currently camp-onfrequency/cell if the currently camp-on frequency/cell may correspond tothe one or more second bands/frequencies for the second system.

In an example, a wireless device may not consider one or morecells/frequencies corresponding to the one or more secondbands/frequencies as suitable cells/frequencies for the second system inreselection process. A wireless device may skip measurement on the oneor more second bands/frequencies for the second system. A wirelessdevice may apply a measurement penalty (e.g., Qoffset,deprioritized) inthe measurement results (e.g., Srxlev and/or Squal) for thecell/frequency corresponding to the one or more second bands/frequenciesfor the second system. In an example, a wireless device may apply asecond threshold value for a cell or frequency corresponding to the oneor more second bands/frequencies for the second system in determininginter-frequency/inter-RAT reselection, where the cell or frequency hashigher priority over the serving frequency. For example, the wirelessdevice may apply the second threshold to determine to perform a cellreselection for a first cell belonging to the one or more secondbands/frequencies if Squal (the first cell) is larger than THRESHsecond,highq. THRESHsecond,highq may be larger than THRESHx,highq whereTHRESHx, highq may refer a normal threshold for Squal for cellreselection. THRESHsecond may be determined based on adding an offset toTHRESHx,highq. Similarly, when the first cell has lower priority,reselection to the first cell may be attempted if the serving cellquality Squal is lower than THRESHserving,lowq and Squal (the firstcell) is larger than THRESHsecond,lowq where THRESHsecond,lowq is largerthan THRESHx,lowq that is used for normal reselection for lower prioritycells. For example, a wireless device may reselect a cell/a frequencyfrom the one or more second bands/frequencies for the second system,when the quality of the cell/the frequency is better with additionaloffset compared to the serving cell/frequency.

A wireless device may recommend one or more parameters related to cellreselection to a first system or a second system considering a resourceallocation across multiple systems. For example, a wireless device mayrecommend lower priority to one or more frequencies of the first systemwhere the wireless device may need to share one or more radio resourcesto support the one or more frequencies across multiple systems. Awireless device may recommend one or more values (e.g., Qoffset betweentwo cells, Qoffset for a certain frequency, Qoffset,temp,Qqualminoffsetcell, THRESHx,highq, THRESHx,lowq, THRESHserving,lowp,THRESHserving,lowq, and/or the like) for cell reselection for afrequency corresponding to the one or more frequencies for the firstsystem. Similar approach may be considered for the second system. Awireless device may receive one or more messages comprising Qoffset,deprioritized, THRESHsecond,highq, THRESHsecond,lowq, and/or the like.The wireless device may receive the messages of configuration parametersfor a frequency or a cell or for a UE.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of cell selection or reselectionprioritization. For example, a wireless device connects to the basestation 1 (e.g., wireless network 1) using RF1 actively. In cellselection or reselection procedure for the base station 2 (e.g.,wireless network 2), the wireless device may put lower priority on oneor more frequencies which need RF1 to operate where RF1 is beingoccupied for the base station 1. In the example, the wireless device mayput higher priority over frequency fk+1, fk+2, ... fm over fl, f2, ...,fk for the base station 2 based on its resource availability/allocationacross multiple systems. The wireless device may put lower priority onf1, f2, ..., fk, or add on offset in measurement results to add apenalty or assume cells from f1, f2, ..., fk are barred.

Embodiments may be also applicable to a single system with one or moretransmission points or with one or more gNBs associated with thewireless device or a single system with dual connectivity and/or thelike.

A wireless device may send to a first base station at least one firstradio resource control (RRC) message indicating one or more first bandcombinations that the wireless device is capable of communicating withthe first base station. The wireless device may select a first cell of asecond base station for monitoring one or more paging channel. Thewireless device may determine one or more second band combinations basedon the operating frequencies of the first cell, the one or more firstband combinations and the radio transceiver capability of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may transmit to the first base station atleast one second RRC message indicating the one or more second bandcombinations.

The wireless device may recommend that the one or more second bandcombinations are deprioritized for the first base station in configuringone or more carriers/cells from the first base station.

The wireless device may determine the one or more second bandcombination based on one or more radio transceiver capabilities and thefirst cell for the second base station. The wireless device maydetermine the one or more second band combinations where the wirelessdevice may need to share or release one or more radio transceivers usedfor supporting the first cell for the second base station.

The wireless device may use the same RF to support a frequency from theone or more second band combinations for the first system to the RF usedfor the first cell of the second system.

The one or more first band combination or the one or more second bandcombination may comprise at least one of a single band a pair of a sameband, two or more of a same band or one or more bands.

The first base station may belong to a first network comprising at leastone of a first public land mobile network (PLMN), a first radio accesssystem (e.g., cellular, Wi-Fi, V2X, Wave), or a first radio accesstechnology (e.g., 5G, LTE, 3G, 2G).

The second base station may belong to a second network comprising atleast one of a second public land mobile network (PLMN), a second radioaccess system (e.g., cellular, Wi-Fi, V2X, Wave), or a second radioaccess technology (e.g., 5G, LTE, 3G, 2G).

A wireless device may receive from a first station at least one radioresource control messages comprising cell configuration parameters forone or more first cells. The wireless device may receive from a secondbase station at least one radio resource control messages comprisingcell configuration parameters for one or more second cells. The wirelessdevice may send a feedback to the second base station. The feedback maycomprise a confirmation indication comprising an acknowledgement or arejection of the configuration parameters. The wireless device may sendthe confirmation with the rejection in case the wireless device mayoperate a same set of one or more RF chains or radio transceivers acrossthe one or more first cells and the one or more second cells.

A wireless device may receive from a first station at least one radioresource control messages comprising cell configuration parameters forone or more first cells. The wireless device may send to a second basestation at least one radio resource control message comprising a bandand/or a band combination list. The band and/or band combination listmay comprise a set of bands and/or band combinations that the wirelessdevice may stop supporting. The wireless device may stop supporting oneor more second cells to be configured from the band and/or the bandcombinations. The wireless device may determine the list of the bandand/or the band combination where the wireless device may use a same setof RF chains or radio transceivers to support the one or more firstcells for the first base station and the one or more second cells forthe second base station (if configured).

The wireless device may receive from a second base station at least oneradio resource control messages comprising cell configuration parametersfor one or more second cells. The wireless device may send a feedback tothe second base station. The feedback may comprise a confirmationindication comprising an acknowledgement or a rejection of theconfiguration parameters. The wireless device may send the confirmationwith the rejection in case the wireless device may operate a same set ofone or more RF chains or radio transceivers across the one or more firstcells and the one or more second cells.

A wireless device may send to a first base station at least one firstradio resource control (RRC) message indicating one or more first bandcombinations that the wireless device is capable of communicating withthe first base station. The wireless device may select a first cell of asecond base station for monitoring one or more paging channel. Thewireless device may determine one or more impacted bands based on theoperating frequencies of the first cell, resources such as RF chains orradio transceivers of the wireless device. The wireless device maytransmit to the first base station at least one second RRC messageindicating the one or more impacted bands. The wireless device maytransmit one or more second band combination or second UE capabilitiesin response to a command indicating updating of a UE capability from thefirst base station.

A wireless device may receive from a first base station of a firstsystem at least one first radio resource control messages. The firstradio resource control messages may comprise cell connection parameterscomprising one or more first cells configured to the wireless system forthe first system. The wireless device may receive from a second basestation of a second system at least one second radio control resourcemessage. The second radio control resource message may comprise a firstcell reselection parameter and a second cell reselection parameter forone or more cells/frequencies. The wireless device may apply the firstparameter for a second cell when the wireless device shares one or moreradio transceivers between the second cell of the second system and theone or more first cells of the first system. The wireless device mayapply the first parameter in other cases.

A wireless device may receive from a first base station at least onefirst radio resource control messages. The first radio resource controlmessages may comprise cell configuration parameters for one or morefirst cells. The wireless device may receive from a second base stationat least one second radio resource control messages. The second radioresource control messages may comprise measurement objects and reportingconfigurations related to radio resource management (RRM) for one ormore second frequencies. The wireless device may determine a first setof measurement objects from the indicated measurement objects from thesecond radio resource control messages and may skip the RRM measurementson one or more second frequencies corresponding to the first set ofmeasurement objects. The wireless device may determine the first set ofmeasurement objects where the wireless device may operate using a sameradio transceivers or RF chains on the o one or more first cells and theone or more second frequencies.

A wireless device may send to a first base station at least one firstradio resource control (RRC) message indicating one or more first bandcombinations that the wireless device is capable of communicating withthe first base station. The wireless device may select a first cell of asecond base station for monitoring a downlink control information. Thewireless device may determine one or more second band combinations basedon the operating frequencies of the first cell, the one or more firstband combinations and the radio transceiver capability of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may transmit to the first base station atleast one second RRC message indicating the update on a UE resourceavailability for the first base station.

According to various embodiments, a device such as, for example, awireless device, off-network wireless device, a base station, and/or thelike, may comprise one or more processors and memory. The memory maystore instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors,cause the device to perform a series of actions. Embodiments of exampleactions are illustrated in the accompanying figures and specification.Features from various embodiments may be combined to create yet furtherembodiments.

FIG. 27 is a flow diagram as per an aspect of an example embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 2710, a wireless device may send a firstradio resource control (RRC) message to a first base station. The firstRRC message may indicate one or more first frequency band combinationsthat the wireless device is capable of communicating with the first basestation. At 2720, during an RRC connection with the first base station,a cell of a second base station for monitoring one or more downlinkchannels may be selected. At 2730, one or more second frequency bandcombinations may be determined based on: one or more operating frequencybands of the cell; the one or more first frequency band combinations;and radio transceiver capability of the wireless device. At 2740, duringthe RRC connection with the first base station, a second RRC messageindicating the one or more second frequency band combinations may betransmitted to the first base station.

According to an example embodiment, the one or more first frequency bandcombinations may comprise the one or more second band combinations.According to an example embodiment, the one or more second bandcombinations to assist prioritization of serving cell configurations bythe first base station to the wireless device may be determined. Thewireless device may request to deprioritize the one or more second bandcombinations. According to an example embodiment, the wireless devicemay use the same radio frequency (RF) chain(s) between one or more cellsof the first base station and the cell of the second base station. Theone or more cells of the first base station may operate in the one ormore second band combinations.

According to an example embodiment, the one or more operating frequencybands of the cell may be determined. The wireless device may use thesame RF chain(s) between one or more second cells of the first basestation and the cell of the second base station. The one or more secondcells of the first base station may operate in the one or more operatingfrequency bands. According to an example embodiment, the first basestation deprioritizes one or more third frequency bands combinations forconfiguration of one or more serving cells for the wireless device,wherein the one or more first frequency bands combinations comprise theone or more third frequency bands combinations and the one or moresecond frequency bands combinations do not comprise the one or morethird frequency bands combinations. According to an example embodiment,the first base station may deactivate one or more serving cells. The oneor more serving cells may operate on the one or more third frequencybands combinations. According to an example embodiment, the first basestation may release configurations of the one or more serving cells.

According to an example embodiment, a frequency band combination may ofone of the one or more first frequency band combination and one or moresecond frequency band combination may comprise a frequency band. Afrequency band combination may of one of the one or more first frequencyband combination and one or more second frequency band combination maycomprise a pair of frequency bands. A frequency band combination may ofone of the one or more first frequency band combination and one or moresecond frequency band combination may comprise two or more frequencybands. A frequency band combination may of one of the one or more firstfrequency band combination and one or more second frequency bandcombination may comprise one or more frequency bands. According to anexample embodiment, the first base station may belong to a first publicland mobile network (PLMN). According to an example embodiment, thesecond base station may belong to the first PLMN or a second PLMN.

According to an example embodiment, the one or more downlink channelsmay be transmitted at least for paging indication from the second basestation.

According to an example embodiment, the one or more second frequencybands combinations may be determined. The wireless device may supportthe one or more second frequency bands combinations for the first basestation while the wireless device monitors the one or more downlinkchannels via the cell of the second base station. According to anexample embodiment, a determination of the one or more second frequencyband combinations may be made based on the one or more operatingfrequency bands of the cell. A determination of the one or more secondfrequency band combinations may be made based on the one or more firstfrequency band combinations. A determination of the one or more secondfrequency band combinations may be made based on the radio transceivercapability of the wireless device. A determination of the one or moresecond frequency band combinations may be made based on one or morefirst operating frequency bands of a primary cell of the first basestation.

According to an example embodiment, the wireless device may receive athird RRC message from the first base station. The third RRC message mayindicate release of one or more secondary cells of the first basestation based on the one or more second frequency band combinations.

According to an example embodiment, the one or more downlink channelsmay be monitored via the cell of the second base station.

According to an example embodiment, the first base station may use afirst radio access technology and the second base station may use asecond radio access technology. According to an example embodiment, thefirst radio access technology may be new radio (NR). According to anexample embodiment, the second radio access technology may be NR or LTE.

According to an example embodiment, the one or more downlink channelsmay comprise one or more control channels and data channels to receivethe paging indication from the second base station. According to anexample embodiment, the radio transceiver capability may comprise one ormore RF chains equipped with the wireless device. According to anexample embodiment, the radio transceiver capability may comprisebaseband processing capabilities of the wireless device.

According to an example embodiment, a wireless device may send to afirst base station a first radio resource control (RRC) messageindicating one or more first frequency band combinations that thewireless device is capable of communicating with the first base station.The wireless device may select a second cell of a second base stationfor monitoring one or more downlink channels. One or more secondfrequency band combinations may be determined based on one or more firstoperating frequency bands of the first cell; one or more operatingfrequency bands of the second cell; the one or more first frequency bandcombinations; and radio transceiver capability of the wireless device.The wireless device may transmit to the first base station a third RRCmessage indicating the one or more second frequency band combinations.

According to an example embodiment, a wireless device may send to afirst base station a first radio resource control (RRC) messageindicating one or more first frequency band combinations that thewireless device is capable of communicating with the first base station.The wireless device may receive from the first base station a second RRCmessage comprising configuration parameters of one or more secondarycells. The wireless device may select a cell of a second base stationfor monitoring one or more downlink channels. One or more secondfrequency band combinations may be determined based on one or moreoperating frequency bands of the cell; the one or more first frequencyband combinations; and radio transceiver capability of the wirelessdevice. The wireless device may transmit to the first base station,during the RRC connection with the first base station, a third RRCmessage indicating the one or more second frequency band combinations.The wireless device may receive from the first base station, a fourthRRC message indicating releasing one or more secondary cells based onthe one or more second frequency band combinations.

According to an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive, froma first base station of a first network, at least one first radioresource control messages comprising parameters of a first cell as aserving cell. The wireless device may receive, from a second basestation of a second network, at least one second radio resource controlmessage comprising thresholds for a cell reselection process. Thewireless device may select a threshold from the thresholds based on thefirst cell for communicating with the first base station; a second cellfor communicating with the second base station; and a transceivercapability of the wireless device. The wireless device may determine toreselect the second cell as a camp-on cell based on the threshold.

According to an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive, froma first base station, at least one first radio resource control (RRC)messages comprising first cell configuration parameters for one or morefirst cells. The wireless device may receive, from a second basestation, at least one second RRC messages comprising second cellconfiguration parameters for one or more second cells. The wirelessdevice may determine whether to accept or reject the one or more secondcells based on one or more first operating frequency bands of the one ormore first cells; one or more second operating frequency bands of theone or more second cells; and radio transceiver capability of thewireless device. The wireless device may send a feedback to the secondbase station. The feedback may indicate either an acknowledgement toconfirm that the one or more second cells are configured successfully ora rejection to indicate that the one or more second cells are notconfigured successfully. Embodiments may be configured to operate asneeded. The disclosed mechanism may be performed when certain criteriaare met, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radioenvironment, a network, a combination of the above, and/or the like.Example criteria may be based, at least in part, on for example,wireless device or network node configurations, traffic load, initialsystem set up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination ofthe above, and/or the like. When the one or more criteria are met,various example embodiments may be applied. Therefore, it may bepossible to implement example embodiments that selectively implementdisclosed protocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices and/or base stations may support multiple technologies, and/ormultiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have somespecific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). A base station may comprise multiple sectors. When thisdisclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality ofwireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the totalwireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, forexample, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G releasewith a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. Theplurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selectedplurality of wireless devices, and/or a subset of total wireless devicesin a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and/orthe like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality ofwireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with thedisclosed methods, for example, because those wireless devices or basestations perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any termthat ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one”and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to beinterpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” isindicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of oneof a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, beemployed to one or more of the various embodiments.

If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B = {cell 1,cell2} are: {cell 1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on”(or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase followingthe term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “inresponse at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following thephrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending atleast to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “dependingon” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.The phrase “employing/using” (or equally “employing/using at least”) isindicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing/using” is anexample of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or maynot, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayalso refer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics ormay be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state

In this disclosure, various embodiments are disclosed. Limitations,features, and/or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may becombined to create further embodiments within the scope of thedisclosure.

In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, orInformation elements: IEs) may comprise one or more information objects,and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. Forexample, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter(IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprisesparameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, andN comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more (or at leastone) message(s) comprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that aparameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one of the oneor more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one or moremessages. In an example embodiment, when one or more (or at least one)message(s) indicate a value, event and/or condition, it implies that thevalue, event and/or condition is indicated by at least one of the one ormore messages, but does not have to be indicated by each of the one ormore messages.

Furthermore, many features presented above are described as beingoptional through the use of “may” or the use of parentheses. For thesake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does notexplicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained bychoosing from the set of optional features. However, the presentdisclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all suchpermutations. For example, a system described as having three optionalfeatures may be embodied in seven different ways, namely with just oneof the three possible features, with any two of the three possiblefeatures or with all three of the three possible features.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element thatperforms a defined function and has a defined interface to otherelements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented inhardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (i.e.hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, all ofwhich may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may beimplemented as a software routine written in a computer languageconfigured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++,Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab or the like) or a modeling/simulationprogram such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript.Additionally, it may be possible to implement modules using physicalhardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digitaland/or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise:computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specificintegrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); andcomplex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollersand microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C,C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed usinghardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware descriptionlanguage (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internalhardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. Theabove mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achievethe result of a functional module.

The disclosure of this patent document incorporates material which issubject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection tothe facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or thepatent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Officepatent file or records, for the limited purposes required by law, butotherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example, and notlimitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevantart(s) that various changes in form and detail may be made thereinwithout departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the abovedescription, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s)how to implement alternative embodiments. Thus, the present embodimentsshould not be limited by any of the above described exemplaryembodiments.

In addition, it should be understood that any figures which highlightthe functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposesonly. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible andconfigurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than thatshown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may bere-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

Further, the purpose of the Abstract of the Disclosure is to enable theU.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, andespecially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art whoare not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determinequickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of thetechnical disclosure of the application. The Abstract of the Disclosureis not intended to be limiting as to the scope in any way.

Finally, it is the applicant’s intent that only claims that include theexpress language “means for” or “step for” be interpreted under 35U.S.C. 112. Claims that do not expressly include the phrase “means for”or “step for” are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: transmitting, by a wirelessdevice to a first base station of a first public land mobile network(PLMN), a first radio resource control (RRC) message during an RRCconnection with the first base station; selecting, during the RRCconnection with the first base station, a cell of a second base stationof a second PLMN for monitoring one or more downlink channels; andtransmitting, to the first base station during the RRC connection withthe first base station, a second RRC message indicating a duration forcommunication via the cell of the second base station.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first RRC message indicates a capability of thewireless device to communicate with the first base station via one ormore first frequency band combinations of the first base station.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, wherein the one or more first frequency bandcombinations comprise a band with a frequency of the cell.
 4. The methodof claim 2, wherein the one or more first frequency band combinationscomprise one or more second frequency band combinations.
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein the cell operates within one or more operatingfrequency bands of the second base station.
 6. The method of claim 5,further comprising determining the one or more operating frequency bandsof the cell, wherein: the wireless device uses same RF chain between oneor more second cells of the first base station and the cell of thesecond base station; and the one or more second cells operate in the oneor more operating frequency bands.
 7. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising determining the duration based on one or more first frequencyband combinations of the wireless device.
 8. The method of claim 1,further comprising determining the duration based on one or moreoperating frequency bands of the second base station.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising determining the duration based on radiotransceiver capability of the wireless device.
 10. The method of claim1, wherein the duration comprises one or more combinations ofperiodicities and offsets.
 11. A wireless device comprising: one or moreprocessors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by theone or more processors, cause the wireless device to: transmit, to afirst base station of a first public land mobile network (PLMN), a firstradio resource control (RRC) message during an RRC connection with thefirst base station; select, during the RRC connection with the firstbase station, a cell of a second base station of a second PLMN formonitoring one or more downlink channels; and transmit, to the firstbase station during the RRC connection with the first base station, asecond RRC message indicating a duration for communication via the cellof the second base station.
 12. The wireless device of claim 11, whereinthe first RRC message indicates a capability of the wireless device tocommunicate with the first base station via one or more first frequencyband combinations of the first base station.
 13. The wireless device ofclaim 12, wherein the one or more first frequency band combinationscomprise a band with a frequency of the cell.
 14. The wireless device ofclaim 12, wherein the one or more first frequency band combinationscomprise one or more second frequency band combinations.
 15. Thewireless device of claim 11, wherein the cell operates within one ormore operating frequency bands of the second base station.
 16. Thewireless device of claim 15, wherein: the instructions further cause thewireless device to determine the one or more operating frequency bandsof the cell; the wireless device uses same RF chain between one or moresecond cells of the first base station and the cell of the second basestation; and the one or more second cells operate in the one or moreoperating frequency bands.
 17. The wireless device of claim 11, whereinthe instructions further cause the wireless device to determine theduration based on one or more first frequency band combinations of thewireless device.
 18. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein theinstructions further cause the wireless device to determine the durationbased on one or more operating frequency bands of the second basestation.
 19. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the instructionsfurther cause the wireless device to determine the duration based onradio transceiver capability of the wireless device.
 20. A systemcomprising: a first base station of a first public land mobile network(PLMN); and a wireless device comprising one or more second processorsand second memory storing second instructions that, when executed by theone or more second processors, cause the wireless device to: transmit,to the first base station, a first radio resource control (RRC) messageduring an RRC connection with the first base station; select, during theRRC connection with the first base station, a cell of a second basestation of a second PLMN for monitoring one or more downlink channels;and transmit, to the first base station during the RRC connection withthe first base station, a second RRC message indicating a duration forcommunication via the cell of the second base station.